Abstract: With the application of next generation sequencing (NGS) in prostate cancer more widely, more and more patients with prostate cancer have benefited from the precision treatment. Previous studies have revealed that metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with homologous recombination repair defects can benefit from PARP inhibitor olaparib and platinum-based chemotherapy. As for PD-1/PD-L1, the outcome of unselected cases is limited whereas patients with mismatch repair defects have a positive reponse to pembrolizumab. In addition, the application of NGS plays an important role in predicting the cancer risk in people with gene mutations. And it is important for every clinician to consider how to precisely locate the patients likely benefitting from NGS, avoiding overdetection and provide advices based on gene mutations. In order to regulate and promote the application of NGS in prostate cancer, China Anti-Cancer Association Genitourinary Cancer Committee composed this expert consensus.

Key words: Prostate cancer, Next generation sequencing, Genetic testing