Abstract: With more wide application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology in prostate cancer, increasing numbers of patients have benefited from the precision treatment. The USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with homologous recombination repair gene mutations. As for programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, the outcome of unselected cases is limited whereas patients with mismatch repair defects have a positive response to pembrolizumab. In addition, the application of NGS plays an important role in predicting the cancer risk in family members with gene mutation. And it is important for every clinician to consider how to precisely locate the patients likely benefiting from NGS, avoiding over-detection and provide advices based on gene mutations. In order to further guide the standardized application of NGS, optimize the individualized diagnosis and treatment for prostate cancer patients, and establish a clinical treatment pathway guided by tumor biomarkers, China Anti-Cancer Association Genitourinary Cancer Committee and Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Committee on Prostate Cancer updated this expert consensus with newly published research.

Key words: Prostate cancer, Next-generation sequencing technology, Genetic testing