Lung cancer is one of the most malignant carcinomas worldwide

with extremely high incidence and mortality. The factors that affect lung cancer initiation

progression and metastasis are complicated

which could be roughly divided into two parts

from either cancer cells themselves or tumor-associated microenvironment. On the one hand

genomic and proteomic alterations in cancer cells determinate their characteristics. On the other hand

tumor microenvironment

including both immune and non-immune microenvironments

significantly affect tumorigenesis and malignant progression. Studies in lung cancer and its microenvironment help improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms

and lay an important theoretical foundation to the clinical diagnosis and therapy. In this review

we summarized recent progress of lung cancer genomics

proteomics

phenotypic plasticity and microenvironment

and discussed potential therapeutic strategies for clinical treatment.