Research progress and prospects of MRI in predicting lymph node status in breast cancer

Zihan ZHAI; Sheng CHEN

doi:10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2025.08.009

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Research progress and prospects of MRI in predicting lymph node status in breast cancer

Review | 更新时间：2025-12-31

- Research progress and prospects of MRI in predicting lymph node status in breast cancer
- China Oncology Vol. 35, Issue 8, Pages: 799-807(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  复旦大学附属肿瘤医院乳腺外科，复旦大学上海医学院肿瘤学系，上海 200032
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2025.08.009
  CLC： R737.9
- Received：24 October 2024，
  
  Revised：2025-06-06，
  
  Published：30 August 2025
- 稿件说明：
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Zihan ZHAI, Sheng CHEN. Research progress and prospects of MRI in predicting lymph node status in breast cancer[J]. China Oncology, 2025, 35(8): 799-807.
DOI：

Zihan ZHAI, Sheng CHEN. Research progress and prospects of MRI in predicting lymph node status in breast cancer[J]. China Oncology, 2025, 35(8): 799-807. DOI： 10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2025.08.009.

摘要

乳腺癌是全球范围内女性常见的癌症类型及死亡原因，淋巴结状态是乳腺癌分期的重要信息，与患者预后密切相关。磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）技术对淋巴结以及新辅助治疗应答效果的评估具有优势，可补充其他影像学检查的不足。标准化评分系统如淋巴结数据和报告系统（Node Reporting and Data System，Node-RADS）通过整合淋巴结大小、边缘、强化模式等特征，可有效地减少评估的主观差异。影像组学通过高通量提取定量特征，将医学图像转换为可挖掘的数据并对其进行分析，进一步整合MRI影像组学、临床病理学特征及分子亚型信息构建多组学模型，可有效地预测腋窝淋巴结转移，为个性化治疗提供生物学依据。人工智能能够通过广泛搜索模型和参数空间来生成预测模型，人工智能驱动的MRI影像分析可有效地预测淋巴结转移及治疗反应。在新辅助化疗评估中，基于深度学习的全自动集成系统（fully automated-integrated system based on deep learning，FAIS-DL）结合多区域动态对比增强-MRI（dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI，DCE-MRI）和临床数据可高效能地预测腋窝病理学完全缓解，将不必要的腋窝淋巴结清扫术率从47.9%降至6.8%。本文就不同发展阶段采用MRI预测乳腺癌淋巴结状态的研究进展作一综述，以期提高临床医师和影像科医师对MRI在乳腺癌淋巴结状态评估及新辅助治疗效果评价中应用的认知，并为精准预测乳腺癌淋巴结状态模型的构建提供帮助。

Abstract

Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent malignancy and the primary cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally. The lymph node status is not only pivotal for accurate clinical staging of breast cancer but also significantly associated with patients’ prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has advantages in evaluating lymph nodes status and the response effect of neoadjuvant therapy

serving as a valuable complement to other imaging modalities. Standardized scoring systems

such as Node Reporting and Data System (Node-RADS)

integrate key features including lymph node size

margin characteristics

and enhancement patterns

effectively minimizing interobserver variability in evaluation. MRI radiomics

by extracting quantitative features at high throughput

converts medical images into mineable and analyzable data. Further integrating MRI radiomics

clinicopathological features and molecular subtype information to construct multi-omics models

can effectively predict axillary lymph node metastasis

thereby providing a biological basis for personalized treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI) leverages extensive search algorithms and parameter spaces to generate predictive models. AI-driven MRI analysis has proven effective in predicting lymph node metastasis and treatment responses. In the evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy

the fully automated-integrated system based on deep learning (FAIS-DL) system

which combines multi-region dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI (DCE-MRI) and clinical data

can efficiently predict axillary pathological complete response. This innovation has substantially reduced the rate of unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) from 47.9% to 6.8%. This article reviewed the prediction of lymph node status in breast cancer by MRI at different developmental stages

with the aim of enhancing the understanding of clinicians and radiologists regarding the application of MRI in the assessment of lymph node status in breast cancer and evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy

and providing assistance for the construction of a model for accurately predicting lymph node status in breast cancer.

关键词

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Axillary management after neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer and optimization of sentinel lymph node diagnosis and treatment

Progress and future prospects in local and systemic treatment of early breast cancer

Research progress on the correlation between imaging features and the molecular subtype, histopathology, clinical prognosis of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

The analysis of axillary lymph nodes metastasis after neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer

Predictive value of plasma long non-coding RNA H19 in neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer

Related Author

Jiaqian ZHONG

Jiaping LI

Xiaoyan XIE

Yanling ZHENG

Junjie LI

Qi LIU

Cai CHANG

Jiawei LI

Related Institution

Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University

Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center/Fudan University Breast Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University

Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University

Department of Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences

Postgraduate Training Base of Xiaogan Central Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University

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