With more wide application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology in prostate cancer

increasing numbers of patients have benefited from the precision treatment. The USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with homologous recombination repair gene mutations. As for programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors

the outcome of unselected cases is limited whereas patients with mismatch repair defects have a positive response to pembrolizumab. In addition

the application of NGS plays an important role in predicting the cancer risk in family members with gene mutation. And it is important for every clinician to consider how to precisely locate the patients likely benefiting from NGS

avoiding over-detection and provide advices based on gene mutations. In order to further guide the standardized application of NGS

optimize the individualized diagnosis and treatment for prostate cancer patients

and establish a clinical treatment pathway guided by tumor biomarkers

China Anti-Cancer Association Genitourinary Cancer Committee and Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Committee on Prostate Cancer updated this expert consensus with newly published research.