最新刊期
卷 30 ， 期 10 ， 2020
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- 摘要：Key words: Lung cancer, Incidence, Risk factor, Screening关键词：Lung cancer;Incidence;Risk factor;Screening2|6200|0更新时间：2026-01-27
- 摘要：Low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer reduced mortality in high-risk groups by 20.0%. The current screening criteria for high-risk groups have limitations and cannot be applied to non-high-risk groups. New specific screening strategies are needed. Now some companies put lung cancer CT screening as a benefit, regardless of age and other factors to do once a year, which is not only a waste of medical resources, but also harmful to physical and mental health. It is recommended to advance the time of the first baseline LDCT to near the age of 30 years, and to extend the follow-up interval from 2 to 10 years according to the findings of baseline CT combined with different age groups and other risk factors. A compromise screening strategy should be adopted for non-high-risk groups to detect lung cancer early and reduce CT radiation exposure.关键词：Low-dose spiral computed tomography;Lung cancer;Non-high-risk population;Non-smokers;Indolent2|3531|0更新时间：2026-01-27
- 摘要：Key words: Lung cancer, Driver gene, Targeted therapy, Drug resistance关键词：Lung cancer;Driver gene;Targeted therapy;Drug resistance2|8213|0更新时间：2026-01-27
- 摘要：In recent years, with the gradual in-depth research on immune checkpoints, breakthroughs have been made in the research of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), which has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. However, there are still many problems and challenges in the clinical application, such as the limited benefit population, the lack of effective biomarkers, treatment resistance, and the lack of precise combination treatment programs. This article summarized the value and limitations of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and tumor mutation burden (TMB) as common biomarkers of ICI, as well as other potential new biomarkers, the monitoring and responses to immunological resistance, how to achieve precise immunotherapy and the development results of new drugs.关键词：Lung neoplasms;Immune checkpoint inhibitors;Biomarkers;Resistance;Combined treatment2|2598|0更新时间：2026-01-27
- 摘要：Lung cancer is the tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality. About 75% of patients are already in the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Liver metastasis is an important factor leading to the poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. About 20% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) will develop liver metastases. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) monotherapy and combination therapy have made breakthrough progress in patients with advanced NSCLC. Clinical studies suggested that patients with liver metastases could also benefit from ICI therapy, however compared to the overall population, liver metastasis was still an independent prognostic factor for poor efficacy of immunotherapy. Therefore, exploration of the resistance mechanism of patients with liver metastases is of great significance to improve the survival prognosis of this population. Tumor microenvironment (TME) phenotype is a key factor in determining the efficacy of immunotherapy. The specific difference in TME among different organs may be an important reason for their different responses to immunotherapy. A variety of cellular components in the liver interact to form its complex immune microenvironment and participate in the immune regulation of the liver. Therefore, this article was intended to focus on the liver immune microenvironment and the latest progress in immunotherapy to summarize the domestic and foreign research progress in NSCLC liver metastasis. We hope to provide novel insights for the development of new treatment strategies for patients with liver metastases.关键词：Non-small cell lung cancer;Liver metastasis;Tumor microenvironment;Immune checkpoint inhibitor2|4557|0更新时间：2026-01-27
- 摘要：Lung cancer is one of the most malignant carcinomas worldwide, with extremely high incidence and mortality. The factors that affect lung cancer initiation, progression and metastasis are complicated, which could be roughly divided into two parts, from either cancer cells themselves or tumor-associated microenvironment. On the one hand, genomic and proteomic alterations in cancer cells determinate their characteristics. On the other hand, tumor microenvironment, including both immune and non-immune microenvironments, significantly affect tumorigenesis and malignant progression. Studies in lung cancer and its microenvironment help improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms, and lay an important theoretical foundation to the clinical diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we summarized recent progress of lung cancer genomics, proteomics, phenotypic plasticity and microenvironment, and discussed potential therapeutic strategies for clinical treatment.关键词：Lung cancer;Genomics;Proteomics;Tumor plasticity;Tumor microenvironment2|5194|0更新时间：2026-01-27
- 摘要：In the era of personalized immunotherapy for lung cancer, how to effectively screen potential beneficiaries of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors has become a new challenge. The expression levels of PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be detected by immunohistochemistry, which provides accurate and reliable information for predicting the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and prognosis in advanced NSCLC. In addition, traditional pathology can be used to observe major pathological response (MPR) to further evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for early/middle-stage NSCLC. This review summarized the current progress and future development of personalized immunotherapy for NSCLC under the guidance of pathology.关键词：Non-small cell lung cancer;Immune checkpoint inhibitor;Immunohistochemistry;Pathology evaluation2|2572|0更新时间：2026-01-27
- 摘要：Lung cancer is the leading cause of tumor-related death worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of all cases of lung cancer. Radiotherapy has long been one of the fundamental therapeutic approaches for lung cancer. Over the years, with the ever-accelerated development of radiotherapy technology and the deepened basic and clinical research on NSCLC, the application of radiotherapy in lung cancer treatment has been dramatically expanded, with a promising landscape for future development.关键词：Lung cancer;Radiotherapy;Progress2|4530|0更新时间：2026-01-27
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 2 (Gli2) is an important transcription factor of Hedgehog signaling pathway, which is closely related to not only the growth of normal cells, but also abnormal activation in a variety of tumor cells. This study aimed to explore the effect of Gli2 on the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cell line SW620 and its possible mechanism. Methods: The SW620 cells were infected with Gli2 interference lentivirus. The expressions of Gli2 mRNA and protein were confirmed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) and Western blot. Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay and doubling time. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis of SW620. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, Bcl-2, Bax and cyclin D1. Results: After infection of SW620 with Gli2 interference lentivirus for 72 h, significant fluorescence expression was seen. Compared with the empty vector group and the control group, the expression of Gli2 in interference group was effectively inhibited (P<0.05); cell proliferation was significantly reduced (P<0.05); the cell cycle was arrested, and G 1 phase cell proportion was increased (P<0.05); the apoptotic rate was significantly increased (P<0.05); the protein expressions of ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 were decreased (P<0.05), and the expression of Bax was increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: The siRNA-mediated Gli2 silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cell line SW620 and promoted apoptosis, which may be related to the down-regulation of p-ERK1/2, Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 expressions and up-regulation of Bax expression.关键词：Colon cancer;Gli2;SW620;Proliferation;Apoptosis2|1664|0更新时间：2026-01-27
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Expression of prospero-related homeobox protein 1 and its significance in non-small cell lung cancer
摘要：Background and purpose: Prospero-related homeobox protein 1 (PROX1) is a highly conserved transcription regulator, which is involved in the occurrence and development of many types of tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of PROX1 and its significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of PROX1 in 86 NSCLC cancer tissues and their matched adjacent tissues from Jan. 2011 to Jun. 2013 in the Zibo First Hospital. The expression of PROX1 in human NSCLC cell lines A549, H460, H1229, H358 and human bronchial epithelial cells Beas-2b was detected by Western blot. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and COX proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of survival prognosis in NSCLC patients. Results: There were 6 PROX1 negative, 25 weak positive, 20 medium positive and 35 strong positive cases in cancer tissues, whereas there were 48 PROX1 negative, 27 weak positive, 8 medium positive and 3 strong positive cases in para-cancerous tissues, respectively. The positive expression rate of PROX1 in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in para-cancerous tissues (P<0.05). Compared with Beas-2b, the expression of PROX1 protein in A549, H460, H1229 and H358 cells was significantly higher (P<0.05). The proportion of lymph node metastasis and TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ in PROX1 high expression group was significantly higher than that in low expression group (P<0.05). TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ , lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and high expression of PROX1 were independent influencing factors of poor survival and prognosis in NSCLC (P<0.05). The survival time of PROX1 high expression group was significantly lower than that of low expression group (P<0.05). After knockdown of PROX1, PROX1 protein expression levels, the clone number of A549 cells, the D value of cell proliferation and the number of invasion and migration cells decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: PROX1 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of NSCLC. Knockdown of PROX1 gene could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of NSCLC cells. High PROX1 expression might predict the poor prognosis of patients.关键词：Prospero-related homeobox protein 1;Non-small cell lung cancer;Proliferation;Invasion;Migration2|1949|0更新时间：2026-01-27 - 摘要：Background and purpose: Single-agent chemotherapy shows limited efficacy in second-line treatment for advanced urothelial cancer patients, and significantly reduces the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Hence, ideal therapy that may prolong overall survival and improve Health-related QoL (HRQoL) of advanced urothelial cancer patients is essential. Tislelizumab, a programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody, has been approved for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer in China. Here, we investigate and analysis HRQoL data of tislelizumab and single agent chemotherapy treatment as second line systemic therapy in advanced urothelial cancer patients. Method: The "Tumor Immunotherapy Progress and Practice Improvement Project" database was used to include previously treated advanced urothelial cancer patients receiving tislelizumab or single-agent chemotherapy treatment. Key prespecified HRQoL analyses were and mean change from baseline 2 months and 4 months after therapy and time to deterioration (TTD) in EORTC QLQ-C30 global health status/QoL score. Results: 207 patients previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced urothelial cancer were included in HRQoL analyses (tislelizumab, n=102; single-agent chemotherapy, n=105). The results showed that mean change from baseline to month 2 in global health status/quality-of-life score was 4.69 with tislelizumab and -8.05 with chemotherapy (t=-2.199, P=0.030). Mean change from baseline to month 4 in global health status/quality-of-life score was 14.58 with tislelizumab and -8.97 with chemotherapy (t=-3.538, P<0.001). TTD in global health status/quality-of-life score is better in tislelizumab group than chemotherapy group (χ 2 =7.214, P=0.007). Conclusion: The results of this analysis suggest that tislelizumab improved HRQol compared with single-agent chemotherapy in second-line treatment for advanced urothelial cancer. The limitations of the analysis design include potential bias due to few time points for QoL data collection and limited case included. Thus, it will be necessary to increase cases number and follow-up frequency in our future work to obtain more solid results.关键词：Advanced urothelial cancer;Health-related quality of life;Tislelizumab;The real world data2|2856|0更新时间：2026-01-27
- 摘要：Background and purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of anthracyclines on left ventricular function in patients with breast cancer using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) combined with myocardial work. Methods: Thirty-five breast cancer patients who received anthracycline chemotherapy were prospectively enrolled in the study from Sep. 2019 to Mar. 2020 in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. All the patients underwent traditional echocardiography and 2D-STI before and after the completion of two cures (160-180 mg/m 2 ) and four cures of the regimen (320-360 mg/m 2 ). The brachial artery cuff blood pressure was also obtained. The basic parameters of two-dimensional ultrasound were obtained and calculated, including left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), diastolic interventricular septal depth (IVSD), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), early diastolic peak velocity (E), late diastolic tissue velocity (a’) and early diastolic peak velocity/early diastolic tissue velocity (E/e’). The off-line EchoPac software was used to obtain left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), longitudinal strain of three‐layer myocardium (GLSendo, GLSmid, GLSepi), global myocardial work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW) and myocardial work efficiency (GWE). Results: Compared with those before chemotherapy, the GLSendo and GLS of breast cancer patients after two cycles of chemotherapy were reduced, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); GWW increased while GWE decreased significantly after two cycles of chemotherapy (P<0.05). After four cycles of chemotherapy, GLSendo, GWI, GCW and GWE decreased whereas GWW increased significantly compared with those at baseline and after two cycles of chemotherapy (P<0.05). Compared with before chemotherapy, E/e’ increased after four cycles of chemotherapy (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the other echocardiographic parameters during the whole procedure (P>0.05). Conclusion: 2D-STI can detect early changes of left ventricular function in breast cancer patients during anthracycline chemotherapy. GWW and GWE are more sensitive than other parameters.关键词：Echocardiography;Two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging;Ventricular function;Myocardial work;left;Breast cancer;Anthracycline2|1350|0更新时间：2026-01-27
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Breast cancer is rare in young women under 30 years old, but in recent years breast cancer patients have become younger and its incidence has increased year by year. The identification of early breast cancer immunohistochemical molecular subtypes can improve the treatment plan. The primary purpose of the present study was to analyze the ultrasonography (US), digital mammography (DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) features of breast cancer in very young women (≤30 years old) and the correlation with molecular subtypes. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of imaging and pathological features of consecutive young women under 30 years old who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and were diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed with breast cancer from Dec. 2013 to Jul. 2019. Three imaging techniques were used to assess the features of the lesions. DM, DBT and US were available for 139 patients. The imaging findings were evaluated according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon. For mass lesions, the three examination methods all evaluated the shape and margin. DM and DBT were used to evaluate the density of the mass, and US was used to evaluate the echogenicity, posterior feature and vascularity. The morphology and distribution were evaluated for isolated microcalcifications. The composition of mammary fibrous glands was evaluated according to BI-RADS lexicon. The molecular subtypes were defined according to the 2015 revised St. Gallen International Expert Consensus Recommendation. There were four molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2 enriched and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Results: The lesions mostly showed as a palpable mass (89.9%), clinical T 2 (50.4%), histological grade Ⅱ (58.3%), axillary lymph node metastasis (59.7%), luminal B type (44.6%), and BI-RADS were mostly 4 or 5 categories. Irregular shapes were the most common imaging features (P<0.001). In all examination, the luminal A type and TNBC type were mostly shown as mass alone lesions, luminal B was more common mass with microcalcification, and HER2 enriched type was mostly shown with microcalcifications alone lesions (P<0.001). Using both DM and DBT, negative diagnosis was more common in luminal A type tumors (P<0.001). For mass lesion, the most common findings on DM were indistinct margins (71.9%), whereas DBT detected spiculated margins (51.8%) which were related to luminal A type and luminal B type tumors (P<0.01). Benign morphological features on imaging may be correlated with TNBC type tumors, such as an oval or round shape (P<0.001) and circumscribed margin (P<0.01). The HER2 enriched type and TNBC type were larger than the luminal A type and luminal B type in the mass lesions (P=0.003). Conclusion: Some imaging features of breast cancer in young women ≤30 years old can be used to predict certain tumor molecular subtypes. The cancer detection rate of DBT was higher than that of DM, which has a wide application value for young women with dense breasts.关键词：Breast cancer;Mammography;Tomosynthesis;Ultrasonography;Molecular subtype;Pathology2|1858|0更新时间：2026-01-27
- 摘要：Background and purpose: RapidPlan can be used to extract patient’s anatomy and dose information from intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans to predict the dose-volume histogram (DVH) of a new one, in the method of DVH estimation models. Establishing a knowledge-based model for treatment planning system (TPS) and accelerator separately requires a lot of efforts, and the selection will be cumbersome. This study aimed to investigate whether a knowledge-based treatment planning model can smoothly migrate to different machine and TPS. Methods: The clinical treatment plans of 50 cervical cancer patients treated in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2015 to 2016 were added in RapidPlan to develop a knowledge-based planning model. All training data were created with Pinnacle and optimized for 6 MV photon beams from a Synergy accelerator. Model was used to estimate the DVH in 15 IMRT plans. Plans were reoptimized to evaluate the impact of the accelerator model and TPS on knowledge-based planning model after extracting the objective function value. The evaluation included 3 groups. In Group 1, the knowledge based plan (KBP) and manual plan used the same accelerator and TPS as model training data (Pinnacle and Synergy). In Group 2, the KBP and manual plan used the same TPS, while the accelerator model was different (Pinnacle and Truebeam). In Group 3, the KBP and manual plan used different TPS and accelerator models (Eclipse and Truebeam). DVH quantitative analysis was performed to make comparison between the KBP and the manual plans in 3 groups respectively. Results: In Group 2 and Group 3, KBP plans showed similar quality of planning target volume (PTV) as manual plans. However, KBP plans improved D 2 % (0.95 Gy, P<0.01) and HI (0.02, P<0.01) in Group 1. RapidPlan decreased the average values of V 30 , V 45 and mean dose of bladder in all 3 groups. RapidPlan also generated better mean dose of bowel in 3 groups. Conclusion: KBP does not significantly depend on machine and TPS .关键词：Cervical cancer;RapidPlan;Intensity-modulated radiotherapy2|2134|0更新时间：2026-01-27
- 摘要：Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is a highly malignant disease with a poor prognosis. In the past few decades, although many clinical trials on new chemotherapy with its combinations and new biological agents were conducted, the overall survival rate has never been improved. The platinum-containing EP/EC chemotherapy regimen has always been the standard treatment method for ES-SCLC, however, the results of chemotherapy are not satisfactory, the median survival time and 2-year survival rate are only 7-10 months and 10%-20%, respectively. In recent years, there have been new advances in the combined immunotherapy for ES-SCLC, breaking the previous treatment bottleneck. The comprehensive genomic analysis of ES-SCLC shows that p53 (90%) and Rb1 (65%) are inactivated in most ES-SCLC patients. These gene mutations lead to the instability of the genome, causing ES-SCLC to have a high mutation load due to production of persistent related antigens by the tumor, thus laying the foundation for immunotherapy. We reviewed and analyzed the recent literature and discussed the combined immunotherapy regimens of ES-SCLC and ongoing clinical trials. We also reviewed the current exploration of combined immunotherapy model for ES-SCLC.关键词：Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer;Immunologic drugs;Combined immunotherapy;Clinical trials2|3138|0更新时间：2026-01-27
- 摘要：Primary female genital tract malignant melanoma (PFGMM) is a rare mucosal malignant melanoma with poor prognosis. Surgery has remained the first-line therapeutic option for early-stage PFGMM, but the treatment for patient with advanced or recurrent disease is challenging. Currently, systemic chemotherapy is widely adopted. However, it shows limited effect. New targeted therapy and immunotherapy are worth exploring. Notably, the development and progression of melanoma may correlate with c-kit gene alterations with a mutation rate of about 18.5% for PFGMM. Therefore, c-kit gene is expected to become a new target. In this article, we briefly reviewed the role of c-kit in the occurrence, development, treatment and prognosis of PFGMM.关键词：Primary female genital tract malignant melanoma (PFGMM);c-kit;Targeted therapy2|2366|0更新时间：2026-01-27
- 摘要：卵巢癌是女性生殖系统常见的恶性肿瘤，中国每年卵巢癌新发病例为52 100例，死亡病例达22 500例 ［1］ 。卵巢癌的发病风险因素包括家族史、遗传因素、年龄、体质量、子宫内膜异位症、未生育、激素替代治疗等。由于缺乏有效的早期筛查手段，患者就诊时多为晚期，在中国卵巢癌患者的5年生存率约为40%［2］ 。近年来，随着聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶［poly（ADP-ribose）polymerase，PA R P ］ 抑 制 剂 广 泛 应 用 于 临 床 ， 有 效 地延 长 了 晚 期 卵 巢 癌 患 者 的 无 进 展 生 存 期（progression-free survival，PFS），改变了卵巢癌的治疗格局。对卵巢癌患者进行相关的生物标志物检测，有助于指导临床合理用药，改善卵巢癌患者的治疗结局。为规范卵巢癌PARP抑制剂相关的生物标志物检测，中国抗癌协会妇科肿瘤专业委员会与中华医学会病理学分会联合制定本专家共识。关键词：上皮性卵巢癌;PARP抑制剂;标志物;检测2|5999|0更新时间：2026-01-27
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