最新刊期
卷 35 ， 期 5 ， 2025
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Melanoma is a highly invasive malignant tumor originating from melanocytes, which poses a great threat to human life and health around the world, and its morbidity and mortality have been rising continuously in recent years. Telomerase and autophagy play crucial roles in cell proliferation, survival and stress response. Telomerase maintains the replication ability of cells by prolonging telomeres at the ends of chromosomes, and autophagy, as a self-degradation mechanism of cells, can not only help cells remove damaged components to promote survival, but also induce cell death under certain conditions. In the tumor environment, they are often abnormally activated or out of balance, and participate in the occurrence and development of many cancers, including melanoma. This study investigated the roles of telomerase and autophagy in melanoma progression and evaluated the potential synergistic therapeutic effects of combined application of telomerase inhibitor BIBR1532 and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) in melanoma treatment. Methods: Malignant melanoma cells A375 were treated with telomerase inhibitor BIBR1532. The cell viability was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and the cell apoptosis was detected using the Annexin Ⅴ/propidium iodide (PI) double staining method. Additionally, the expressions of autophagy-related proteins LC3-Ⅱ and p62 were detected by Western blot, and the changes in autophagy flux were observed using dual-tagged adenovirus transfection technology. Based on these studies, BIBR1532 and the autophagy inhibitor CQ were further applied in combination to analyze cell proliferation, apoptotic rate, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell cycle distribution, and the cloning formation experiment was used to verify the cell's proliferative capacity, thereby comprehensively evaluating the efficacy of this combined treatment strategy. Results: Telomerase inhibitor BIBR1532 at a concentration of 50 μmol/L significantly inhibited the growth of malignant melanoma cells A375 and induced apoptosis. At the same concentration, BIBR1532 upregulated the expression of the autophagy-related protein LC3-Ⅱ in A375 cells, while downregulating the expression of p62 protein. By transducing A375 cells with a dual-tagged adenovirus, it was observed that autophagy flux was significantly enhanced after treatment with BIBR1532. Furthermore, the combined application of BIBR1532 (50 μmol/L) and the autophagy inhibitor CQ (20 μmol/L) significantly promoted the death of A375 cells, induced apoptosis and destruction of mitochondrial membrane potential, caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and significantly inhibited the cell’s clonogenic ability. Conclusion: Telomerase inhibitor BIBR1532 not only inhibits the proliferation of malignant melanoma cells but also activates the autophagy process in these cells, and inhibition of the autophagy response by autophagy inhibitor CQ can enhance the sensitivity of malignant melanoma cells to telomerase inhibitor BIBR1532.关键词：Melanoma;Telomerase;Telomerase inhibitor;BIBR1532;Autophagy;Autophagy inhibitor;Chloroquine;Tumor therapy11|1107|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: The resistance of pancreatic cancer to albumin-bound paclitaxel affects the therapeutic effect and prognosis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of the important molecules regulating the chemotherapy sensitivity of cancer cells. The liposome BP1003 targeting the antisense oligonucleotide of STAT3 mRNA can inhibit the expression of STAT3 and increase the chemotherapy sensitivity. However, the effect of BP1003 on the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to albumin-bound paclitaxel remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of liposome binding antisense oligonucleotide BP1003 on albumin-bound paclitaxel sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting STAT3. Methods: Pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and ASPC-1 were cultured. They were divided into control group (without drugs), BP1003 group (200 μg/mL BP1003 intervention), different concentrations of albumin-bound paclitaxel group (5, 10, 20 nmol/L albumin-bound paclitaxel intervention), BP1003+different concentrations of albumin-bound paclitaxel group (200 μg/mL BP1003 combined with 5, 10, 20 nmol/L albumin-bound paclitaxel intervention). The proliferation viability, apoptotic rate and the protein expression levels of STAT3, STAT4, STAT6, Bcl-2, Bax and c-Myc were detected. The transplanted tumor model was established by subcutaneous injection of PANC-1 and ASPC-1 cell suspension in nude mice, which were divided into control group (normal saline intervention), BP1003 group (25 mg/kg BP1003 intervention, once every 2 weeks) and albumin-bound paclitaxel group (10 mg/kg albumin-bound paclitaxel, once a week), BP1003+albumin-bound paclitaxel group (25 mg/kg BP1003 intervention, once every 2 weeks combined with 10 mg/kg albumin-bound paclitaxel, once a week). Four weeks later, the graft volume and mass were measured, and the protein expression levels of STAT3, Bcl-2, Bax and c-Myc were detected. Results: The apoptotic rate and the protein expression levels of Bax of PANC-1 and ASPC-1 cells in BP1003 group and albumin-bound paclitaxel group were higher than those in the control group, while the proliferation viability and protein expression levels of STAT3, Bcl-2 and c-Myc were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression levels of STAT4 and STAT6 in PANC-1 and ASPC-1 cells between BP1003 group and the control group (P>0.05). The apoptotic rate and the protein expression levels of Bax of PANC-1 and ASPC-1 cells in BP1003+different concentrations of albumin-bound paclitaxel groups were higher than those in different concentrations of albumin-bound paclitaxel groups, and the proliferation viability and protein expression levels of STAT3, Bcl-2 and c-Myc were lower than those in different concentrations of albumin-bound paclitaxel groups (P <0.05). The volume and mass of transplanted tumor and the protein expression levels of STAT3, Bcl-2 and c-Myc of nude mice in BP1003 group, albumin-bound paclitaxel group and BP1003+albumin-bound paclitaxel group were all lower compared with the control group, the protein expression level of Bax was higher compared with the control group (P<0.05), and the above changes in BP1003+albumin-bound paclitaxel group were more significant compared with BP1003 and albumin-bound paclitaxel group. Conclusion: BP1003 increases the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to albumin-bound paclitaxel by inhibiting the expression of STAT3.关键词：Pancreatic cancer;BP1003;Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3;Albumin-bound paclitaxel;Sensitivity10|850|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Approximately 30% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) develops pulmonary metastasis, yet less than 10% are eligible for surgical resection. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) serves as an alternative therapy for non-surgical candidates, but the relationship between its efficacy and tumor diameter remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of tumor size on survival outcomes and local progression risk in CRC patients with pulmonary metastasis after RFA, and to validate the clinical utility of a 3 cm threshold for prognosis. Methods: This retrospective study included CRC patients with pulmonary metastasis who underwent RFA at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between January 2016 and December 2024. Patients were stratified into two groups based on maximum lesion diameter: ≤3 cm (Small group) and 3-5 cm (Large group). Patient inclusion criteria: ⑴ pathologically confirmed lung metastases originating from CRC, with metastases limited to the lungs or extra-pulmonary metastatic lesions having been radically treated; ⑵ maximum lesion diameter <5 cm; ⑶ complete clinical data available; ⑷ complete imaging data available, including computed tomography (CT) images during ablation and contrast-enhanced CT images during postoperative follow-up; ⑸ follow-up time of at least >6 months after RFA; ⑹ technical complete ablation; ⑺ fewer than 3 pulmonary metastatic lesions. Exclusion criteria: ⑴ target lesions previously treated with local therapies such as RFA or radiotherapy; ⑵ patients unable to tolerate RFA; ⑶ patients with follow-up time <6 months after RFA. Three senior interventional physicians performed percutaneous RFA under guidance of a 64-slice spiral CT scanner. Chest contrast-enhanced CT scans obtained 1 month after RFA were used as the baseline, followed by contrast-enhanced CT scans every 3 months for 1 year, then every 6 months for subsequent follow-up. This study was approved by the medical ethics committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (ethical approval number: 2108241-11). Primary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local tumor progression (LTP). Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate COX regression were employed to evaluate the independent prognostic value of tumor size. Results: A total of 134 patients who met the inclusion criteria were ultimately enrolled, including 77 in the Small group and 57 in the Large group. With a median follow-up of 35 months, the ≤3 cm group demonstrated superior 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates (100.0%, 95.1%, 74.2%) compared to the 3-5 cm group (94.7%, 36.8%, 27.0%, P<0.0001), and the ≤3 cm group demonstrated superior 1-, 3-, and 5-year PFS rates (90.9%, 34.4%, 23.3%) compared to the 3-5 cm group (13.8%, 0.0%, 0.0%, P<0.000 1). The ≤3 cm group also exhibited significantly lower 1-, 3-, and 5-year LTP rates (0.0%, 19.7%, 33.6%) compared to the 3-5 cm group (46.0%, 75.5%, 75.5%, P<0.000 1). Multivariable analysis identified tumor diameter >3 cm as an independent predictor of worse OS [hazard ratio (HR)=6.49, 95% CI: 3.18-13.24, P<0.001], while elevated preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (≥5 ng/mL) correlated with shorter OS (HR=1.82, P=0.033). Conclusion: CRC patients with pulmonary metastasis and tumor diameters of 3-5 cm exhibited significantly inferior survival outcomes after RFA compared to the ≤3 cm group. A tumor diameter of 3 cm can serve as a critical threshold for selecting RFA indications, and combining preoperative CEA levels can optimize patient stratification.关键词：Colorectal cancer;Pulmonary metastases;Radiofrequency ablation;Tumor diameter;Survival analysis21|1172|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: The ripple filter (RiFi) is a passive energy modulator used in particle beam therapy to broaden the Bragg peak. The 1D-RiFi features a wavy structure that can broaden a monoenergetic carbon ion beam to 3 mm, while the 2D-RiFi employs a two-dimensional groove structure to achieve a 6 mm beam broadening. This study aimed to evaluate the potential advantages of the 2D-RiFi over the 1D-RiFi in terms of dose distribution optimization, treatment efficiency, and organ at risk (OAR) dose control by comparing water phantom and clinical patient plans. Methods: Carbon ion treatment plans were designed for water phantoms and 20 patients using both 1D-RiFi and 2D-RiFi. The water phantom plans targeted a cubic region of interest (80 mm×80 mm×80 mm) at ranges of 95, 105, 190 and 290 mm. From patients who underwent carbon ion therapy at Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, 20 cases were selected via simple random sampling with computer-generated random numbers, stratified by the proportion of different tumor sites (6 head and neck tumors, 4 prostate tumors, 4 lung tumors, 2 pancreatic tumors, 2 liver tumors and 2 shoulder tumors). Key dosimetric metrics, including homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI) and clinical target volume (CTV) coverage by 95% prescription dose (V95), were analyzed along with OAR doses. Energy layers, beam time, and irradiation time were compared between the two RiFi types. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, with a significance level of P<0.05. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (approval number: 240311EXP-01). Results: For water phantom plans, the 1D-RiFi plans achieved HI of 0.04±0.01, CI of 1.10±0.03, V95 of 99.92%±0.06% and flatness of 6.52%±0.61%, while the 2D-RiFi plans achieved HI of 0.04±0.01, CI of 1.11±0.04, V95 of 99.92%±0.06%, and flatness of 7.52%±0.81%. The mean doses to the distal and lateral block in 1D-RiFi plans were (1.34 Gy±0.43) Gy [relative biological effectiveness (RBE)]and (0.98±0.05) Gy (RBE), respectively, compared to (1.47±0.33) Gy (RBE) and (0.94±0.03) Gy (RBE) for 2D-RiFi plans. The use of 2D-RiFi reduced the average beam-on time by 43% and the number of energy layers by 48%. For clinical plans, the 1D-RiFi plans had HI of 0.07±0.04, CI of 1.94±0.67, and V95 of 98.81%±1.61%, compared to HI of 0.07±0.05, CI of 1.95±0.70, and V95 of 98.79%±1.69% for the 2D-RiFi plans, with no statistically significant differences (P=0.77, 0.65 and 0.66, respectively). OAR mean doses increased slightly with the 2D-RiFi plans (average increase of 0.8%, P=0.62) but remained within clinically acceptable limits. The 2D-RiFi plans reduced energy layers by 45%-50% (average 48%), beam time by 32%-49% (average 44%), and irradiation time by 28%-41% (average 36%). Conclusion: Treatment plans using the 2D-RiFi achieved comparable target coverage to those using the 1D-RiFi, with a slight but clinically acceptable increase in OAR doses. The application of the 2D-RiFi significantly reduced the number of energy layers, beam time and irradiation time in carbon ion therapy, enhancing treatment efficiency.关键词：Ripple filter;Carbon ion therapy;Dosimetry;Clinical efficiency;Dose distribution optimization1|807|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Limited-stage (LS)-small cell esophageal carcinoma (SCEC), characterized by high aggressiveness and an extremely poor prognosis, lacks standardized staging systems due to its rarity. Consequently, no randomized controlled clinical trials exist to guide therapeutic strategies, necessitating reliance on extrapolated protocols from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) paradigms, though clinical outcomes remain dismal. This study aimed to analyse survival outcomes, prognostic factors, failure patterns and therapeutic strategies in patients with LS-SCEC. Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center study of LS-SCEC patients diagnosed and treated at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 2006 to June 2023. Clinicopathological data for diagnosis, staging and follow-up were rigorously collected. Patients with mixed esophageal tumors in whom small cell carcinoma was not the predominant histological component (<50%) were excluded. Continuous variables were presented as $\bar{x} \pm s$. Categorical variables were summarized as counts and percentages, with intergroup comparisons performed using χ2 test or Fisher’s exact tests. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression was used to analyse factors related to prognosis. A two-sided P<0.050 was considered statistically significant. A 1∶1 nearest-neighbour propensity score matching was applied to compare survival outcomes between patients undergoing radical chemoradiotherapy and those receiving radical surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: Of 261 eligible LS-SCEC patients included, the median follow-up duration was 72.7 months (95% CI: 52.0-92.4), with a median cancer-specific survival (CSS) of 24.5 months (95% CI: 19.7-29.3) and a 5-year CSS rate of 32.8%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.0 months (95% CI: 10.7-13.3). Among these, 67 patients remained recurrence-free, and 169 patients exhibited disease progression after first-line treatment. Distant metastasis was the predominant recurrence pattern (131 patients, 77.5%), whereas locoregional recurrence occurred in only 38 patients (22.5%). The most frequent metastatic sites were liver (54 patients), followed by bone (25 patients), brain (24 patients), and lung (23 patients). The number of chemotherapy cycle and TNM stage (8th edition) were independent prognostic factors for CSS and PFS in LS-SCEC patients. Comparative analysis of radical surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy versus radical chemoradiotherapy revealed no statistically significant differences in CSS and PFS (P>0.05), even after propensity score matching. Patients with cervical/upper thoracic tumors, longer tumor lengths, and advanced stages were more likely to receive chemoradiotherapy; additionally, the chemoradiotherapy group had a higher proportion of patients completing ≥4 chemotherapy cycle. Conclusion: This large-sample retrospective study with comprehensive datasets and long-term follow-up demonstrated comparable survival outcomes between radical chemoradiotherapy and radical surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy for LS-SCEC. A minimum of 4 chemotherapy cycle was associated with improved prognosis. SCEC is associated with a high risk of distant metastasis and marked heterogeneity. Therefore, the treatment of LS-SCEC should prioritize an individualized approach.关键词：Small cell esophageal carcinoma;Limited-stage;Failure pattern;Prognosis;Treatment8|959|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: China is a country with high incidence rate and mortality of liver cancer. In 2022, there were approximately 368 000 cases of liver cancer and 317 000 deaths in China. Extending the survival period of liver cancer patients is an urgent issue that we need to address. In recent years, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved good results in the treatment of primary liver cancer. However, most studies did not include the combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment. We speculate that combining TKI drugs with immune checkpoint inhibitors and TACE therapy may provide greater benefits to liver cancer patients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of TACE combined with anlotinib and sintilimab in the treatment of liver cancer. Methods: This study is a single arm phase Ⅱ clinical trial approved by the ethics committee of The Third People’s Hospital of Yibin (ethical approval numbers: 2022009). Inclusion criteria: ① Age 18-70 years; ② Primary liver cancer confirmed by clinical diagnosis or histopathology; ③ Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 0-1; ④ China Liver Cancer Staging (CNLC) stage Ⅱb-Ⅲb; ⑤ Adequate cardiopulmonary function; ⑥ Child-Pugh score ≤8 points; ⑦ At least one measurable tumor lesion according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) version 1.1. From November 1, 2021 to March 1, 2024, we recruited 61 patients, of whom 39 met the criteria. Firstly, all enrolled patients received TACE treatment. Approximately one week after the initial TACE procedure, 12 mg of anlotinib (adjusted according to tolerance) was administered orally on days 1-14, every 3 weeks; Simultaneously 200 mg of sintilimab was administered intravenously on day 1, every 3 weeks. After completing 2 cycles of treatment, efficacy evaluation was conducted according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) 1.1. The primary observation indicators of the study were objective response rate (ORR), and the secondary observation indicators were median progression-free survival (mPFS), disease control rate (DCR) and safety. Results: The ORR of this study was 76.9%, DCR was 94.9%, and mPFS was 9.2 months (95% CI: 2.317-16.083). 39 cases (100%) had grade 1-2 adverse reactions, 15 cases (38.5%) had grade 3 adverse reactions, 5 cases (12.8%) had grade 4 adverse reactions, and 1 patient died due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In the stage mainly treated with TACE combined with TKI and immunotherapy, the incidence of grade 3-4 adverse reactions was higher compared with the stage mainly treated with anlotinib combined with sintilimab. The vast majority of adverse reactions can be recovered through conventional treatment methods. Conclusion: TACE combined with anlotinib and sintilimab has a definite therapeutic effect and overall safety and controllability in the treatment of CNLC stage Ⅱb-Ⅲb liver cancer. This combination therapy may provide a new treatment model for CNLC stage Ⅱb-Ⅲb liver cancer patients. However, further exploration is needed to address the pain, vomiting, decreased appetite, liver function damage, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and other issues caused by this treatment mode.关键词：Liver cancer;Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization;Sintilimab;Anlotinib;Targeted-immune combination therapy4|1097|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Metastasis is a pivotal and intricate process in the progression of malignant tumors, strongly correlating with poor prognosis. Approximately 90% of cancer-related mortality is attributed to metastasis, with the five-year survival rate for patients with metastatic solid tumors ranging from 5% to 30%. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms driving metastasis is essential for unraveling its core processes and developing novel therapeutic strategies. The metastatic cascade involves tumor cells navigating numerous biological barriers, including detachment from the primary tumor, invasion of blood vessels or lymphatics, survival in circulation, extravasation into distant organs and subsequent adaptation to the microenvironment. To surmount these challenges, tumor cells undergo phenotypic changes, genetic mutations and dysregulating signaling pathways. Additionally, microenvironmental factors (such as angiogenesis, matrix remodeling and immune evasion) play a critical role, orchestrating the initiation and growth of metastatic lesions in an interdependent manner. Organ-specific metastasis, a distinct subset of metastasis, involves dynamic bidirectional interactions between tumor cells and the microenvironment of target organs. These interactions determine the selectivity of metastatic spread and drive the adaptive evolution of both the tumor and the organ, which encompasses multiple layers of cellular interactions, including cell-cell and cell-matrix signaling. Tumor cell mutations, the release of specific signaling molecules, the capacity to withstand circulatory pressures, and signaling exchanges with target organs collectively govern the selective nature of organ-specific metastasis. Furthermore, factors intrinsic to the target organ-such as its regenerative potential, metabolic profile, immune surveillance mechanisms and matrix stiffness-further facilitate the adaptive remodeling of metastatic cells within these environments. Thus, the bidirectional selection and adaptation between tumor cells and target organs form a dynamic, complex system that reshapes our understanding of metastatic tumor development. While current research emphasizes shared biological features in metastasis, the successful formation of metastatic tumors depends not only on these common mechanisms but also on the unique characteristics governing organ-specific metastasis. The interplay between generalizable and organ-specific mechanisms profoundly influences the metastatic outcome. This review aimed to consolidate our current knowledge of these shared and distinct processes, analyze the evolving understanding of the bidirectional selection between tumor cells and target organs, and assess the current status of metastatic risk prediction models for patients without metastasis. Furthermore, the paper discussed the challenges and opportunities in managing advanced-stage metastatic tumors, offering new insights and potential clinical strategies to improve prognosis and treatment outcomes.关键词：Malignant neoplasms;Organotropic metastasis;Bidirectional selection;Mutual adaptation;Precise treatment9|1465|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Gastric cancer remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide, characterized by an insidious onset, challenges in early detection, and a poor prognosis in advanced stages. Conventional diagnostic approaches are often constrained by subjective interpretation and inherent limitations in accuracy and efficiency, rendering them insufficient to meet the demands of precision medicine. In recent years, the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL)-based techniques, has opened new avenues for the precise diagnosis and management of gastric cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that AI-assisted endoscopic systems significantly enhance lesion detection rates and diagnostic efficiency, while AI-driven radiomics models offer precise predictions of tumor invasion depth, lymph node involvement, and peritoneal metastasis. Additionally, AI-powered pathology analysis has markedly improved both diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Moreover, integrative AI models leveraging multi-omics data have demonstrated great potential in predicting responses to chemotherapy and targeted therapies, as well as facilitating personalized prognostic assessments. However, despite these promising advancements, the clinical implementation of AI in gastric cancer remains hindered by challenges such as the lack of standardized datasets, limited model generalizability, and insufficient algorithm interpretability. This review systematically synthesized the latest advancements in AI applications for gastric cancer diagnosis, treatment response evaluation, and prognostic prediction. Furthermore, it critically examined key technical challenges in current AI methodologies and explored future directions in AI-driven precision medicine for gastric cancer. By addressing these challenges, we aimed to foster the widespread adoption and clinical translation of AI technologies, ultimately advancing precision oncology and improving patient outcomes.关键词：Artificial intelligence;Gastric cancer;Deep learning;Diagnosis;Prognosis18|1342|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 关键词：Hepatectomy;Liver metastasis;Nasopharyngeal carcinoma;Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization;Efficacy7|430|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer, and its treatment prognosis remains suboptimal. Although the survival of HNSCC patients has improved with the widespread use of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), there is still significant room for further improvement. Recent studies have suggested that the combination of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and ICIs offers promising efficacy and safety, earning recommendations from authoritative guidelines such as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO). However, the application of this combination therapy is still in the early exploratory stage, numerous questions regarding the standardized clinical use of this combination therapy remain unanswered, including the mechanisms of synergy associated with the combination treatment, its therapeutic value in different patient populations, and safety considerations. Committee of Head and Neck Cancer, Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology organized an expert panel to develop “Expert consensus on the combination of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2025 edition)”, based on evidence-based medicine and clinical practice exploration through multiple rounds of discussions. This consensus addressed the mechanisms of the combination of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and ICIs, stratified treatment approaches, applications in special populations, and safety considerations. The consensus has been registered on Practice guideline REgistration for transPAREncy (PREPARE) with the registration number PREPARE-2025CN666. It is hoped that this consensus will provide clearer and more practical guidance for clinicians, further promoting the rational application of this combination therapy in clinical practice and offering more treatment options for HNSCC patients.关键词：Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma;Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies;Immune checkpoint inhibitors;Combination treatment;Safety;Expert consensus47|1956|0更新时间：2025-12-31
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