Abstract: Neoadjuvant therapy has become one of the standard treatment options for early breast cancer, and its application is increasingly widespread. With the advancement of medical technology and the development of new drugs, new regimens can further increase the pathological complete response (pCR) rate. Neoadjuvant therapy can increase breast resection rate and breast-conserving rate, but there is no evidence that neoadjuvant therapy can significantly improve overall survival. And only the increase in pCR rate in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer translates into a little survival benefit. Therefore, there are many challenges during neoadjuvant therapy. Among them, the timing of surgery is a hot topic for surgeons. This article summarized this issue.