最新刊期
卷 27 ， 期 6 ， 2017
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- 摘要：Head and neck cancers contain a wide range of diseases which put threats to public health. Training of specialized head and neck surgeon is a must for the development of the specialty. Surgical treatment of head and neck cancers can easily compromise normal appearance and function of patients owing to the complicated anatomical structures of the area. Therefore, treatments often demand multidisciplinary involvement led by surgeons. Attentions should be paid to diverse cancers, multiple techniques, distinct surgeries, complex anatomy and function protection when training a specialized head and neck surgeon. A specialized surgeon must be devoted to basic research, have a full picture of the disease, be involved in multidisciplinary treatment and focus on specialized surgical maneuvers. To become a specialized head and neck surgeon, one should go through basic knowledge of the area, read extensively, keep up with the literature and never stops practicing. The undisputed factor is that an extraordinary head and neck surgeon can not only benefit patients but also promote the profession.关键词：Specialized training;Head and neck surgery;Head and neck cancers2|2587|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Head and neck cancer is common worldwide. This article aimed to describe the patterns of incidence of head and neck cancer and their changes in Shanghai from 2003 to 2012, in order to provide reference for prevention programs, research and control strategies on cancer. Methods: The data of lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer cases were collected by the Shanghai Cancer Registry. The distributions of Shanghai lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer incidences from 2003 to 2012 were described. The patterns were described according to gender, age, basis of diagnosis, histological type, diagnostic stage in detail. We compared incidences of recent 5 years (from 2008 to 2012) with those of previous 5 years (from 2003 to 2007). Results: On average from 2003 to 2012, 1 105 new cases of head and neck cancer were diagnosed in Shanghai each year, with 2.08% among the total cancer cases. The crude rate was 8.01 per 100 000 and the age-standardized rate was 4.45 per 100 000. Nasopharyngeal cancer was the major subtype of the head and neck cancer, with 50.81% among the total head and neck cases. The crude and age-standardized rates among males were higher than those among females. The histologically verified percentage was 85.77%. The squamous carcinoma was the major histological type, with 57.58% among the total cases. The age-standardized rate of nasopharyngeal cancer was in decline. Conclusion: The incidence of head and neck cancer was low in Shanghai during the past 10 years. Male cases were more than female cases. The major histological type was squamous carcinoma. Half of new cases were nasopharyngeal cancer which appeared to affect patients at a relatively young age. Patients with nasopharyngeal cancer were diagnosed at relatively advanced stages.关键词：Head and neck;Lip;oral cavity and pharynx;Nasopharynx;Cancer;Incidence2|2359|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Most of the cervical lymph node metastasis comes from thyroid cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of different regions of the neck. Origin of the primary cancer could be general speculated based on the first metastatic station site. The metastatic lymph nodes of squamous cell carcinoma and thyroid carcinoma have their own characteristics. These metastatic lymph nodes need to be differentiated from lymph node inflammatory changes, tuberculosis, lymphoma, Castleman’s disease, and soft tissue tumors.关键词：Neck;Lymph node;Differential diagnosis2|5874|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Treatment and the clinical outcome of patients with head and neck cancer are determined by accurate staging and assessment of the cervical lymph nodes for metastases is an important step of this process. Ultrasonography, ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA), CT, MRI and PET/CT are used in the assessment of cervical lymph nodes. Ultrasonography guided FNA is advantageous in ease of application, minimumal invasiveness to patients, and less contraindications. Combined with cell block and molecular biology, FNA can be an effective tool for the diagnosis. The present article reviewed the diagnostic value of ultrasonography guided FNA in cervical lymph node assessment in patients with head and neck cancer.关键词：Head and neck carcinoma;Lymph node metastasis;Ultrasonography;Fine needle aspiration;Cytology diagnosis4|2311|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Head and neck carcinoma (HNC) is one of the common malignancies in the world. Because of its deep location and complicated surroundings, patients usually receive definitive radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Early prediction has significant importance to guide physicians in making treatment decisions. Traditional imaging techniques have obvious limitations. However, positron emission tomography (PET), as a non-invasive functional imaging, allows quantitative assessment of many biologic processes before the anatomic changes, such as proliferation, apoptosis and hypoxia. PET/CT is more and more widely used in HNC nowadays. This article reviewed the advances of clinical application of PET/CT in HNC in this paper关键词：Head and neck carcinoma;PET/CT;The advances of clinical application2|6804|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy is one of the most serious complications associated with thyroid cancer surgery. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) in preventing recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy during thyroid cancer surgery, analyze and elaborate the theory, operation standard, application, benefits and disadvantage based on clinical practice.关键词：Thyroid cancer surgery;Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy;Intraoperative neural monitoring2|3844|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：The da Vinci Surgical System has developed and great progress has been made recently in surgery. Despite lack of applications in tumors of head and neck, its advantages, such as minimally invasive procedure and rapid recovery, show great prospects. In this article, we reviewed the surgical method, indication, advantages and prospects of its application in tumors of head and neck.关键词：da Vinci surgical system;Tumors of head and neck;Surgery2|2872|0更新时间：2025-12-31
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Research progress in diagnosis and treatment of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer
摘要：Surgery, selective radioiodine therapy and thyroid stimulating hormone suppressive therapy are the standard treatment modalities for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). After therapy, most DTC patients could get good prognosis. However, some patients with distant metastasis lose the ability to concentrate radioiodine at early time or during the treatment, and develop radioiodine-refractory DTC (RAIR-DTC). These patients progress quickly and have high mortality. Looking for effective treatments for these patients has been the hot spot in research of thyroid carcinoma. In this paper, we summarized the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of RAIR-DTC, hoping to early identify these patients and buy time for early intervention of other possible beneficial treatments such as targeted therapy and radiotherapy.关键词：Thyroid cancer;Radioiodine;Refractory;Progress2|3702|0更新时间：2025-12-31 - 摘要：Due to the limited efficacy of traditional therapies, the risk of death in patients with advanced thyroid cancer remains high. In recent years, targeted chemotherapy has shown prospective effects on inhibiting the growth of thyroid cancer and prolonging progression-free survival in these patients, but also brings some clinical confusion. Consequently, this paper reviewed the application status and clinical problems of targeted chemotherapy in thyroid cancer. In addition, treatment strategies of thyroid cancer and the future perspectives were also presented.关键词：Thyroid cancer;Targeted chemotherapy;Kinase inhibitor2|2780|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：The predominant type of head and neck cancer is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which needs more effective treatment. As a highly immunosuppressive malignancy, HNSCC has 3 major mechanisms including induction of immune tolerance, local immune evasion, and disruption of T-cell signaling. Immune checkpoint plays a critical role in the function of T-cell and rapid development has been achieved by inhibiting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). As anti-PD1 humanized monoclonal antibodies, pembrolizumab and nivolumab have proven to be effective in the salvage treatment for recurrent or metastatic HNSCC, further investigation is awaited.关键词：Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma;Immunotherapy;Immune checkpoint inhibitor2|1711|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Wound healing results in a scar formation, especially in deep skin injury. As a result of injury in the subcutaneous tissue and skin, scar formation is coupled with surgical operation. Improvement in the knowledge about the pathological mechanism and prevention of scarring would help clinicians to better deal with postoperative care and improve the satisfaction of patients. This review put emphasis on discussing the process of scar formation after surgery and the positive factor in this process. And furthermore, This review presented primary interventions with certain therapeutic effect.关键词：Head and neck tumor;Scar;Hypertrophic scar2|5581|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) is often positive in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TgAb on radioiodine ablation efficacy in PTC patients. Methods: A total number of 329 PTC patients with no distant metastasis were included and classified into 2 groups ［G1 group (>115 U/mL，n=84) and G2 group (<115 U/mL, n=245)］, G2 group was further divided into 2 subgroups ［S1 (>40 U/mL, n=31) and S2 (<40 U/mL, n=214)］, before 131I ablation. The median follow-up time was 24 months after a total or subtotal thyroidectomy and subsequent 131I ablation. The efficacy in terms of 131I ablation success rates (IBR) between two groups were compared and the influencing factors were analyzed according to criteria posed by 2015 American Thyroid Association Guidelines, then the effect of 131I dose on IBR was also explored. Results: Female and younger age were more prevalent in patients with high TgAb (P<0.05). The G1 group presented lower IBR over the G2 group (35.7% vs 72.7%, P=0.000). Moreover, S1 group also presented lower IBR over S2 group (54.8% vs 75.2%, P=0.017), indicating the adverse effect from high titer TgAb on IBR. No matter high or low dose, the G1 group presented lower IBR (34.1% vs 71.9%, 37.2% vs 73.2%; P=0.000). However, IBR did not differ in G1 or G2 group either with high or low dose 131I (P>0.05). TgAb was the only adverse indicator correlating with IBR in multi-logistic regression analysis (P=0.018). Conclusion: TgAb could negatively affect 131I ablation efficacy, while increasing the dose of 131I failed to improve the success rate in such cases.关键词：Papillary thyroid carcinoma;Thyroglobulin antibody;131I ablation;Efficacy4|4029|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: The ovarian mucinous tumor is one of the major subtypes of the ovarian epithelial cancer. Ubiquitination is one of the main post-translational modifications, which has proven to be involved in tumorigenicity. Deubiquitinase is the protein enzyme that could reverse the process of ubiquitination to affect the initiation and progression of malignancies. This study aimed to analyze the expression and clinical application of deubiquitinase OTUB1 (OTU deubiquitinase, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1) in ovarian primary mucinous tumors. Methods: This study collected 90 cases of ovarian primary mucinous tumors during 2010-2015 in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, and then collected the clinicopathological information and performed the immunochemistry. Results: Fourteen out of 90 cases were ovarian primary mucinous cystadenoma, 17 were borderline mucinous tumor (intestinal type and intraepithelial carcinoma), and 59 were ovarian primary mucinous carcinoma. The expression rate and intensity of OTUB1 were much higher in malignant cases than those in benign ones (P<0.05). The expression rate and intensity of OTUB1 were much higher in cases with mucinous intraepithelial carcinoma than those in cases with intestinal type borderline mucinous tumor (P<0.05). The expression rate and intensity of OTUB1 increased with the advance of FIGO staging (P<0.05). The expression rate and intensity of OTUB1 were much higher in cases with involved fallopian tubes than those in cases without involved fallopian tubes (P<0.05). The expression rate and intensity of OTUB1 were much higher in cases with involved uterus and omentum than those in cases without involvement (P<0.05). The expression rate and intensity of OTUB1 were much higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than those in cases without involvement (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is significant difference in OTUB1 expression between ovarian primary mucinous carcinoma and benign mucinous cystadenoma. It is highly correlated to FIGO staging and invasion and metastasis of tumor. OTUB1 could be used in differential diagnosis and in monitoring the tumor initiation and progression in ovarian mucinous carcinoma.关键词：泛素醛结合物1;卵巢;黏液性肿瘤2|2342|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. The new technology of mammography is helpful in breast cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with conventional imaging methods in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods: During the period from Mar. 2015 to Dec. 2015, 227 patients with suspected lesions (by palpation or sonography) underwent further imaging exam in our hospital. The sonography, full-field digital mammography (FFDM), DBT and breast MRI were performed on all the patients. A double-blind assessment was carried out according to BI-RADS (version 2013) by experienced radiologists. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of all methods, referring to the pathological data as the golden standard; the difference in the efficiency of DBT from the other methods was determined by Z-test. Results: Thirty patients were excluded for the unsatisfactory images, and 205 lesions (132 malignant and 73 benign lesions) were detected in the remaining 197 patients. Area under the curve (AUC) of sonography, FFDM, DBT, DBT+FFDM and MRI based on the BI-RADS were 0.830 8, 0.859 2, 0.916 7, 0.919 8, and 0.935 4, respectively. The AUC of DBT was significantly higher than those of sonography (Z=7.36, P=0.006 7) and FFDM (Z=4.89, P=0.027 1), while there was no significantly difference between DBT and MRI (Z=0.02, P=0.900 2) or FFDM+DBT (Z=0.69, P=0.404 8). Conclusion: DBT could significantly improve the diagnostic performance for breast lesions compared with sonography and FFDM, providing a comparable efficiency to MRI. As a new mammography technology, DBT has good clinical application prospect.关键词：Breast diseases;Full-field digital mammography;MRI;Digital breast tomosynthesis;Sonography2|2101|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Liquid biopsy is a kind of blood, urine and other non-solid biological tissue sampling analysis, mainly for malignant tumor diagnosis, monitoring and predicting its prognosis. In this research, we optimized the extraction of miRNA in urine, established a standardized means of liquid biopsy, screened and verified the miRNA markers in patients with bladder cancer. Methods: From Jan. 2014 to Sept. 2015, we used miRNA microarray in six patients with bladder cancer and six healthy controls. Samples of 78 cases of bladder cancer and 23 healthy controls were tested by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) to verify the relationship between miRNA markers in liquid biopsy and clinical pathological parameters. The diagnostic value of miRNA markers was also analyzed and compared. Results: We screened 10 miRNAs differential expression in urine. Combined with previous literature, we selected 20 miRNAs to verify their expression levels in bladder cancers and healthy controls. miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio in the urine was found higher in patients with bladder cancer than in healthy controls (P<0.000 1). With the rise of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio in urine, tumor stage and grade were also increased (P=0.003). When the cutoff was set at 0.41, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio were 73.1% and 82.6%, respectively. The AUC of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio to detect bladder cancer was 0.864, higher than that of urinary exfoliated cells (P=0.000 2). Conclusion: We optimized the extraction of miRNAs in urine, established a standardized liquid biopsy of miRNA markers. The miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio could be an ideal diagnostic marker for bladder cancer.关键词：Bladder cancer;miRNA;Diagnosis;Liquid biopsy2|2212|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Correct target positioning is an important factor affecting the precision of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with lung tumors. This study investigated the setup errors in patients with malignant lung tumors receiving SBRT with cone-beam CT (CBCT) and analyzed the factors influencing setup errors. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with solitary malignant lung tumors were enrolled in the study. Each patient underwent SBRT with CBCT before each treatment. Setup errors in CBCT were obtained according to the matched and planned CT images in anterior-posterior (AP), superior-inferior (SI) and left-right (LR) directions. The expanding margins of clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) according to the analyzed setup errors were then calculated. And the influencing factors of setup errors were analyzed. Results: A total of 155 CBCT images from 29 patients were obtained during the treatment. The setup errors were (-1.68±3.62), (-1.34±3.90) and (0.36±2.15) mm in the AP, SI and LR directions, respectively. The absolute setup errors were (3.16±2.42), (3.29±2.48) and (1.74±1.30) mm in the AP, SI and LR directions, respectively. The suggested expanding margins of CTV to PTV were 9.6, 10.0 and 5.3 mm in the AP, SI and LR directions according to the setup errors. The setup errors in the AP direction of peripheral lesions and in the SI direction of inferior, right and metastatic lesions were relatively larger (P=0.007, 0.008, 0.000 and 0.000).. Conclusion: In patients with malignant lung tumors receiving SBRT, the setup errors were more obvious in the SI and AP directions. Tumor motion management techniques including CBCT, breathholding technique are required to reduce the setup error in patients with lung tumors receiving SBRT.关键词：Cone-beam CT;Stereotactic body radiotherapy;Lung neoplasms;Setup error2|2080|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Metastasis is one of the main complaints of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. After radiotherapy and chemotherapy, residual and recurrent lymph nodes in the neck are still partially seen. Neck dissection is an important salvage treatment to improve survival and life quality. The present review summarizes the distribution of residual and recurrent lymph nodes, the applications of different salvage surgeries and outcomes.关键词：Neck dissection;Nasopharyngeal carcinoma;Residual lymph node;Recurrence2|3230|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：The eighth edition of TNM staging system for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has made several significant improvements on the basis of the previous one, which further increases its value in evaluating prognosis and guiding treatment strategies. However, results of some studies suggested that there’s room for improvements in some respects. This article briefly summarized the major differences between the two editions, the remaining disadvantages of the current system, the latest research progress and its potential development in the future.关键词：Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma;TNM staging;Prognostic factor2|5492|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Sustaining survival of tumor cells is the main limiting step of tumor metastasis. Similar to tumor microenvironment, local environment in premetastatic organ (premetastatic niche) also provides a favorable condition for surviving of tumor cell and is the premise of tumor cell survival and proliferation in distant organ. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are the key component of the niche and play an important role in tumor cell implantation and metastasis formation through fabricating a proliferative, inflammatory, immunosuppressive and vascular remodeling premetastatic niche. MDSCs may also serve as potential therapeutic target for anti-metastasis therapy. Here, this study focused on the mechanisms of MDSCs in prematastatic niche formation and associated signal pathway, moreover, provided reference to study on anti-metastasis therapy through interfering with the formation of premetastatic niche.关键词：Myeloid-derived suppressor cells;Premetastatic niche;Tumor metastasis2|3181|0更新时间：2025-12-31
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