最新刊期
卷 31 ， 期 11 ， 2021
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- 摘要：Background and purpose: Glioma is one of the common intracranial malignant tumors, but the specific mechanism was unclear. The expression level of choline kinase A (CHKA) is positively correlated with the malignant grade of glioma. However, the specific mechanisms by which CHKA acts are also unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of CHKA gene downregulation on proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis of U87 and U251 cells and elucidate the possible underlying mechanism. Methods: A lentiviral vector was utilized to stably knockdown CHKA gene in U87 and U251 cell lines, and the shNC group and control group were set up. To determine the interaction between CHKA and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase (AKT) signal pathways, DMSO group and LY294002 group were established. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) was used to measure CHKA gene mRNA expression levels. Cell proliferation was measured using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometer. Cell invasion ability was assessed through transwell assay. The ability of cell migration was detected using wound scratch assay. CHKA, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT and p-AKT expressions at the protein level were evaluated using Western blot. Results: Western blot results showed the expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT and CHKA in shCHKA group were further decreased (P＜0.05), while expressions of PI3K and AKT did not change significantly (P＞0.05) compared with the Control group and shNC group. There was no difference in expression of CHKA between the Control group and shNC group after the administration of PI3K/AKT inhibitor (LY294002) (P＜0.05). Concurrently, compared with the Control group and shNC group, cells in the shCHKA group exhibited significantly lower cell viability and invasive ability, and had a significantly higher apoptotic rate. glioma cells mainly remained arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The results demonstrated that CHKA gene may function by altering PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway, knockdown of CHKA in U251 and U87 cells to inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while promoting apoptosis. These results reveal that CHKA directly and positively regulates PI3K/AKT signaling pathways without feedback inhibition of CHKA expression by PI3K/AKT.关键词：Glioma;Choline kinase A;Invasion;Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B2|1568|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Emerging evidence suggests that fat cell-derived cytokine leptin, which is closely related to obesity, plays an important role in carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. In this study, the effect of leptin on the invasion and migration abilities of GBC-SD and OCUG cells were observed in vitro, and its possible related mechanisms were explored. Methods: GBC-SD and OCUG cells were divided into control group and experimental group. In the experimental group, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to target and silence the expression of leptin in GBC-SD and OCUG cells. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) was used to detect the transfection efficiency. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect the migration and invasion abilities of GBC-SD and OCUG cells. The immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry experiments were used to detect the expression of leptin protein in GBC-SD and OCUG cells after siRNA interference. The protein expressions of leptin and p-AKT in GBC-SD and OCUG cells after interference were detected by Western blot. Results: The results of wound healing assay showed that the migration abilities of GBC-SD and OCUG cells decreased after silencing leptin with siRNA interference (t=26.614, P ＜ 0.01; t=19.338, P ＜ 0.01). The results of transwell migration assay also showed that the migration abilities of GBC-SD and OCUG cells decreased after silencing leptin with siRNA interference (t=7.185, P=0.002; t=8.889, P=0.003). Transwell invasion assay results showed that the invasion abilities of GBC-SD and OCUG cells decreased after interference (t=10.183, P=0.001; t=9.697, P=0.001). Immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry experiments showed decreased leptin protein expression in GBC-SD and OCUG cells after interference. Western blot showed that leptin and p-AKT protein expressions were down-regulated after targeted silencing in GBC-SD cells (t=26.463, P ＜ 0.01; t=13.904, P ＜ 0.01). Western blot showed that leptin and p-AKT protein expressions were also down-regulated after targeted silencing in OCUG cells (t=21.335, P ＜ 0.01; t=17.914, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion: Down-regulation of leptin expression in GBC-SD and OCUG cells can inhibit cell invasion and metastasis, and may regulate gallbladder cancer invasion and migration through AKT signaling pathway. Leptin are expected to become an important target for gallbladder cancer treatment.关键词：Gallbladder cancer;Leptin;Invasion;Migration2|1424|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) is a rare disease. There were few reports so far. The diagnosis and treatment experience and disease cognition are still insufficient. Methods: The clinical, pathological and prognostic data of 30 patients with CASTLE who received operation at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from September 1, 2007 to September 1, 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Three cases of thyroid carcinoma and adjacent tissues were analyzed by whole genome sequencing, and MSH2 gene overexpressed cells were transfected and constructed. The effects of mutant genes on cell biological behavior were detected by Western blot, cell activity and migration experiments. Results: 66.7% (20/30) of the 30 patients had different degrees of invasion. After an average follow-up of 60.6 months, distant metastasis occurred in 2 cases, and there was no local recurrence, progression or death. CD5 and CD117 could play important role in the diagnosis of CASTLE. Exon mutations in MSH2, FBXW7 and NOTCH1 were identified by whole gene detection and sequencing. The mutation rate of MSH2 was the highest, and may be involved in promoting the proliferation and metastasis of thyroid cells. Conclusion: CASTLE usually shows low malignancy, slow progression and good prognosis. Radical surgery is the preferred treatment for CASTLE. Postoperative radiotherapy may play a role in reducing local recurrence. MSH2 gene may be involved in the occurrence and development of CASTLE.关键词：Thyroid;Carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation;MSH22|1072|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: The current treatment of ovarian cancer is surgery and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. However, relapse and drug resistance are common. We have demonstrated the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) is highly expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer, promoting ovarian cancer cell proliferation and invasion. The objective was to explore the effect of PAFR expression on cisplatin (CDDP) in ovarian cancer cells to provide novel theoretical basis for ovarian cancer therapy. Methods: The upregulation of PAFR in CDDP-treated ovarian cancer cells was observed using Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR). The role of nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB)/p65 and hypoxia inducible factor- 1α (HIF-1α) in modulating PAFR expression was assessed using Western blot, siRNA and immunofluorescence. The effect of PAFR on CDDP sensitivity was observed using a pharmacological inhibitor and siRNA knockdown. Results: CDDP induced dose- and time- dependent upregulation of PAFR in two ovarian cancer cell lines (P ＜ 0.01). The downregulation of PAFR by CDDP correlated with the inhibitions of NF-κB and HIF-1α which were accumulated by CDDP in the nucleus. Inhibition of PAFR expression by PAFR specific small molecule antagonist WEB2086 or RNA interference could significantly improve the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to CDDP. The cell proliferation ability decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01), while the apoptotic rate increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01). Increased expression of PAFR activated downstream AKT and ERK pathways in CDDP-treated cells. Conclusion: CDDP induces upregulation of PAFR by accumulating NF-κB and HIF-1α in the nucleus. PAFR inhibition may modulate the CDDP sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells, which is a novel and promising therapeutic target for sensitizing ovarian cancer cells to CDDP.关键词：Ovarian cancer;Platelet-activating factor receptor;Cisplatin;Chemotherapy sensitivity2|1179|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Destroying the balance of copper ions in the body may promote the occurrence and development of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effects of copper ion on cell proliferation and elucidate the clinical significance of copper chaperone genes in lung cancer. Methods: The effects of copper ion on cell proliferation were determined by trypan blue exclusion experiment. Western blot assays were performed to test the effects of copper on the expressions of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK). Tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanone (NNK) was used to induce lung cancer in mice, and the copper content in lung cancer tissues and normal lung tissues was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Oncomine and the Kaplan-Meier Plotter website containing the microarray data of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were used to analyze the correlation between the mRNA expression levels of copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS), cytochrome C oxidase copper chaperone (COX17) and antioxidant 1 copper chaperone (ATOX1) and the prognosis of lung cancer patients. Results: In vitro experimental results showed that copper ions at a concentration of 5 μmol/L was able to significantly promote the proliferation of lung cancer cells and normal lung epithelia cells, and induced the activation of intracellular ERK signaling pathways. In the NNK-induced lung cancer mouse model, the concentration of copper ion was significantly higher in cancer tissues than in normal lung tissues. In TCGA and Oncomine databases, the expression levels of CCS, COX17 and ATOX1 were significantly higher in cancer tissues than in counterpart normal controls. The expression levels were inversely associated with prognosis of the patients. Conclusion: Under specific concentration range, copper ions can promote cell proliferation. The copper chaperone genes could potentially be used as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of lung cancer patients.关键词：Copper ion;Copper chaperones genes;Lung cancer;Cell proliferation2|1899|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: 18 F-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) is an advanced molecular imaging evaluation method for prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to explore the early detection rate of recurrence and metastasis of patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) by 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and its influence on clinical treatment decisions. Methods: From December 2018 to December 2020, the data of 51 PCa patients with BCR after RP by 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT were summarized and analyzed. Radioactive uptake of tumors was calculated semi-quantitatively by region of interest method and expressed by the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max ). We assessed the detection rate of clinical recurrence and metastasis in BCR patients [local recurrence (prostatic bed), lymph node metastasis (pelvic, retroperitoneal and diaphragmatic), bone metastasis and visceral metastasis (such as lung)], and the difference in detection rate between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) groups and Gleason evaluation group was further compared respectively. Results: The median age of 51 patients was 66 years (52-80 years), and the median PSA was 35 ng/mL (6-224 ng/mL) at the time of initial diagnosis. All of them were prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma, including 1 case with intraductal carcinoma, 1 case with ductal adenocarcinoma, 1 case with mucinous adenocarcinoma, 1 case with signet ring-like component and 1 case with neuroendocrine differentiation. We found Gleason score ≤7 in 22 cases (43.14%) and Gleason score ≥ 8 in 29 cases (56.86%). The median time of BCR was 15 months (5-62 months), and the median PSA was 0.58 ng/mL (0.20- 110.00 ng/mL), including 21 (41.18%) cases with 0.20 ng/mL≤PSA ＜ 0.50 ng/mL, 12 (23.53%) cases with 0.50 ng/mL≤PSA ＜ 1.00 ng/mL, 4 (7.84%) cases with 1.00 ng/mL≤PSA ＜ 2.00 ng/mL and 14 (27.45%) cases with PSA≥2.00 ng/mL. There were 7 cases (13.73%) with no local recurrence or metastasis, and 44 cases (86.27%) with local recurrence or metastasis, including 9 cases (20.45%) with recurrence in the operative area of prostate, 28 cases (63.64%) had lymph node metastasis at different sites, 31 cases (70.45%) had bone metastasis, and 2 cases (4.55%) had visceral metastasis. In addition, there were 2 cases of subcutaneous nodule metastasis and 1 case of penile root metastasis. The median SUV max was 17.9 (1.4-110.9) for all recurrence or metastasis, 14.0 (3.2-110.9) for local recurrence, 10.2 (2.0-90.1) for lymph node metastasis, and 5.4 (1.4-109.6) for bone metastasis. The detection rates of recurrence or metastasis were 71.43% (15/21), 100.00% (12/12), 75.00% (3/4) and 100.00% (14/14), respectively, in the groups with 0.20 ng/mL≤PSA ＜ 0.50 ng/mL (21 cases), 0.50 ng/mL≤PSA ＜ 1.00 ng/mL (12 cases), 1.00 ng/mL≤PSA ＜ 2.00 ng/mL (4 cases) and PSA≥2.00 ng/mL (14 cases), and there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate between groups with different PSA levels (P＞0.05). The recurrence or metastasis detection rates of original Gleason score ≤7 group (22 cases) and Gleason score ≥8 group (29 cases) were 68.18% (15/22) and 100.00% (29/29), respectively, and there were statistically significant differences in the detection rate between groups with different Gleason scores (P ＜ 0.05). In clinical treatment, 4 cases (7.84%) were treated by observation, 18 cases (35.29%) by endocrinotherapy alone, 2 cases (3.92%) by salvage radiotherapy (SRT) alone, 24 cases (47.06%) by endocrinotherapy combined with SRT, 1 case (1.96%) by endocrinotherapy combined with docetaxel systemic chemotherapy, and 2 cases (3.92%) by salvage pelvic lymphadenectomy. Conclusion: 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT has a good value and efficacy in early diagnosis of clinical recurrence or metastasis of BCR patients after RP, which is conducive to accurate evaluation and optimal treatment plan for such patients, and significantly affects clinical treatment decisions.关键词：Prostate-specific membrane antigen;Positron emission tomography and computed tomography;Biochemical recurrence;Diagnosis;Treatment2|2444|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Serum-thymidine kinase 1 (S-TK1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) are serum tumor markers, and their expression levels in serum are closely associated with disease severity and prognosis of thyroid cancer patient. Therefore, this article aimed to explore clinical value of the expression levels of S-TK1 and MIP-1α in the evaluation of postoperative radioactive 131 I treatment for thyroid carcinoma. Methods: A total of 158 preoperative patients with thyroid cancer and 128 healthy subjects were selected as study group and control group. Serum MIP-1α and S-TK1 levels were compared between the two groups. All patients with malignancy were divided into groups: the successful group (58 cases) and the unsuccessful group (40 cases), the metastasis positive group (20 cases) and the metastasis negative group (78 cases). The levels of serum MIP-1α and S-TK1 were compared, and immunohistochemical staining technique was used to detect the expressions of MIP-1α and S-TK1 in the thyroid tissues of different groups of patients. The factors affecting postoperative outcome were analyzed by single factor and logistic regression analysis. Results: The expression levels of MIP-1α and S-TK1 were significantly higher in the thyroid malignant group than in the benign group and the healthy control group (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with those who were unsuccessful, the serum expression levels of MIP-1α and S-TK1 in the successful group before the 131 I treatment were significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05). The serum levels of MIP-1α and S-TK1 were significantly higher in the metastasis positive group than in the metastatic negative group (P ＜ 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the positive expression rate of MIP-1α protein in the thyroid tissues of the malignant group (70.41%) was significantly higher than in the benign group (18.33%), and the positive expression rate of S-TK1 protein was significantly higher in the malignant group (68.37%) than in the benign group (15.00%) (P ＜ 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that maximum diameter, body mass index (BMI), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), the expression levels of MIP- 1α and S-TK1 had significant effects on the first postoperative 131 I clearing effect in patients with thyroid cancer (P ＜ 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed the largest diameter of the lesion and the expression levels of TSH, MIP-1α and S-TK1 were independent factors influencing the efficacy of the first postoperative clearing effect (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion: The expression levels of MIP-1α and S-TK1 are significantly higher in thyroid cancer patients than in healthy people. The expression levels of MIP-1α and S-TK1 are significantly increased after metastasis in thyroid cancer patients, and the maximum diameter of lesion, TSH and the expression levels of MIP-1α and S-TK1 are independent factors affecting the efficacy of the first postoperative clearing effect (P ＜ 0.05).关键词：Thyroid cancer;Serum thymidine kinase 1;Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α;Curative effect evaluation2|1160|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare disease in children and adolescents, which is seldom reported in China. The purpose of this study was to explore its clinicopathological features, diagnosis and prognostic factors, and to improve the understanding of MTC. Methods: Data of 10 cases of MTC in children and adolescents were collected from Fujian Cancer Hospital from January 2007 to May 2021, and clinical features, morphology, immunophenotype, gene mutation, and outcome were analyzed. Results: There were 6 sporadic cases, and 4 cases with family history, aged 10-20 years with a mean of 17 years. All showed elevated serum calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Bilateral thyroid lesions were found in 9 patients. The tumor diameter was 0.2-3.5 cm, with a median diameter of 1.5 cm. Microscopically, the tumor presented a patchy, nest- shaped, or beamlike distribution, with invasive growth pattern and surrounding satellite nodules. Papillary and follicular structures were also observed in some cases. The cells were round and oval, mixed with some spindle cells and plasmacytoid cells. A few giant cells and intranuclear pseudo-inclusions were also found. Different degrees of fibrosis/amyloid deposition were observed in the tumor stroma, with occasional calcification and sand bodies. Synaptophysin (Syn), chromogranin A (CgA), cluster of differentiation (CD56), CT, CEA, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and Congo red staining were positive for tumor cells, while thyroglobulin (Tg) was negative. The M918T mutation in RET gene was the most common genetic change in MTC. Among all of the 10 cases, the serum CT and CEA of 8 cases were reduced to normal levels after operation, without recurrence/metastasis (biochemical cure) during the follow-up period (27-98 months, with an average of 62 months). One patient was non-biochemical cure, and cervical lymph node dissection was performed twice at 75 and 108 months postoperatively. Another patient died of tumor 6 months after surgery, which presented high-grade nuclei (polymorphic, prominent nucleoli, mitotic ＞ 3/10HPF), high proliferation index (Ki- 67 was 20%), numerous intravascular tumor thrombi and focal coagulant necrosis. Conclusion: The majority of MTC in children and adolescents have bilateral thyroid involvement. Bilateral thyroidectomy is the best therapeutic theatment for removing potential hidden lesions and prevent recurrence. The elevation of serum CT and CEA is an important clinical feature. High nuclear grade, high Ki-67 proliferation index, intravascular tumor thrombus and necrosis are important prognostic indicators.关键词：Medullary thyroid carcinoma;Children and adolescents;Immunohistochemistry;Calcitonin;Prognosis2|1481|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: In prostate cancer, the high expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is confirmed to indirectly promote the migration of tumor cells and is associated with a shorter metastasis-free survival. However, majority of previous research on the EGFR gene focused on the mechanism and rarely established links with clinical indicators. This study aimed to compare the genotype differences of EGFR gene in the western countries and Chinese prostate cancer patients, to explore the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and EGFR gene polymorphism. Methods: The polymorphism of EGFR (RS884419) gene in peripheral blood leukocyte DNA of 182 prostate cancer patients who were treated in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2014 to 2019 was detected to compare genotype differences of EGFR gene in prostate cancer patients between Chinese and the western populations, and to explore the correlation between clinicopathological and basic characteristics and EGFR gene polymorphism. Results: Compared with patients in the variant group with EGFR (rs884419) genotypes AA and AG, patients in the normal group with genotype GG had a higher proportion of distant metastases (M 1 stage) at diagnosis (65.3% vs 84.2%, P ＜ 0.05); EGFR (rs884419) gene polymorphism had no correlation with age at diagnosis, prostate-specific antigen at diagnosis, metastatic load and Gleason score (P ＞ 0.05). Compared with American prostate cancer patients, the mutation frequency of EGFR (rs884419) gene was higher (20.4% vs 79.1%, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion: The M 1 stage of patients at diagnosis is higher in the normal EGFR genotype group than in the variant group, suggesting that the difference in EGFR gene expression may be involved in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer metastasis. According to the genotype, the distant metastasis status of patients at the diagnosis can be predicted theoretically. And due to the high frequency of mutations in the Chinese patients, EGFR genotype has a stronger predictive value for treatment efficacy than it does in the western population.关键词：Prostate cancer;Epidermal growth factor receptor;rs884419;Gene polymorphism;Clinicopathological characteristics2|1036|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Breast cancer, accounting for 17.1% of the female cancers, is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women in China. Current treatment strategies based on the breast cancer subtype have remarkably improved the prognosis, however, obstacles remain. It’s of great importance to elucidate problems, including the tumor heterogeneity, metastases and therapeutic resistance, to promote therapeutic efficacy. Single-cell RNA sequencing is a novel method that enables unbiased, high-throughput and high-resolution transcriptomic analysis at the single-cell level. It could profile intratumor gene expression features at single-cell resolution and improve our understanding of breast cancer. This review illustrated the application of single-cell RNA sequencing in breast cancer from diverse aspects to obtain further knowledge of this emerging technology and provided new insights into breast cancer research.关键词：Single-cell RNA sequencing;Breast cancer;Tumor heterogeneity;Tumor microenvironment2|1814|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：The immune system plays a dual role in tumorigenesis and progression. It can identify and kill tumor cells in a process called immunosurveillance. At the same time, tumors can be forced to edit the surrounding immune system to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment under the selective pressure and eventually escape immune surveillance. The immune contexture of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lesions is complex and heterogeneous, which stems from the interaction of many factors: molecular subtype, oncogenic drivers and copy number variations, etc. The frequency, density, phenotype, function and spatial distribution of innate and adaptive immune cells in the microenvironment are significantly related to tumorigenesis and prognosis of NSCLC and can potentially predict the efficacy of immunotherapy. This article reviewed the complexity and prognostic relevance of the immune landscape in NSCLC which offers a better understanding of the role of the immune contexture in tumorigenesis and progression of NSCLC.关键词：Immune contexture;Non-small cell lung cancer;Tumorigenesis;Progression;Prognosis2|3130|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Recently, our understanding of the pathogenesis and molecular genetic characteristics of endometrial cancer has been improved along with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology. Precision medicine based on genetic characteristics has already transformed the care of endometrial cancer. However, there is no specific consensus in China on the methods and strategies of genetic screening for hereditary syndrome, molecular classification and other biomarkers testing in endometrial cancer. Based on the most recent advances in molecular classification and precision medicine in endometrial cancer, The Society of Gynecological Cancer of China Anti-Cancer Association, Chinese Society of Pathology of the Chinese Medical Association and National Pathology Quality Control Center have formulated “The Chinese Expert Consensus Recommendations on Molecular Testing in Endometrial Cancer”, in order to improve the understanding of molecular testing among gynecologic oncologists, pathologists, and other specialists, and further standardize the application of molecular testing in endometrial cancer in China.关键词：Endometrial cancer;Lynch syndrome;Molecular classification;Biomarkers3|4643|0更新时间：2025-12-31
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