最新刊期
卷 31 ， 期 9 ， 2021
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- 摘要：The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) published the WHO classification of thoracic tumours (5th edition) in May 2021. Compared with the 4th edition published in 2015, the 5th edition changed the framework of the main chapters and added/adjusted the nomenclature and classification of some tumours. The 5th edition enriched the epidemiology, etiology, histopathology, molecular genetics and other related content.This article briefly introduced the major changes in the classification of the pleura, pericardium and thymus tumours in the WHO classification of thoracic tumours (5th edition).关键词：2021 WHO classification;Pleura tumours;Pericardium tumours;Thymus tumours2|2144|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: We analyzed the distribution of metastatic sites and survival of lung cancer patients with metastases based on hospital registration to provide real-world data support for the treatment and survival management of lung cancer patients. Methods: A total of 1 490 lung cancer patients who developed metastasis during the follow-up in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2008 to 2017 were enrolled in this study. Medical records review, telephone visits and death registry data linkage were applied in collecting endpoint data. The effects of age at diagnosis, gender and histological subtype on the distribution of metastases were studied. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the overall survival (OS) rates of different metastatic sites. Results: The median follow-up time was 40.8 months. During the follow-up period, 937 cases died from all causes. 67.7% of patients only had single-site metastasis, while 32.3% of patients had multiple-site metastases. The common metastatic sites were bone (33.8%), brain (33.6%), lung (22.8%), liver (12.0%) and adrenal gland (3.7%). Female patients had more metastases to brain (37.8% vs 31.4%). Younger patients were more likely to develop multiple-site metastases, and small cell carcinomas patients had more brain metastases (47.2%) and liver metastases (20.9%). Lung metastasis featured relatively best survival (1-year OS rate: 78.3%, 3-year OS rate: 47.1%, 5-year OS rate: 29.5%), whereas liver metastasis had relatively the worst prognosis (1-year OS rate: 46.4%, 3-year OS rate: 15.2%, 5-year OS rate: 3.6%). Conclusion: The proportions of bone and brain metastases in lung cancer patients with metastasis are high. The distribution of metastatic sites is associated with gender, age at diagnosis and histological type. The prognosis of patient with different metastatic sites is different. Mechanisms or clinical treatment plans can be studied for different metastatic sites to improve the prognosis of late-stage lung cancer patients in future research.关键词：Lung cancer;Metastatic site;Survival analysis;Hospital registration2|1758|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which is involved in the process of DNA replication, transcription and translation, is closely related to the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors. In addition, HMGB1 is involved in the regulation of various signaling pathways of inflammation, immunity, proliferation, metastasis and autophagy. This research aimed to explore the correlation between HMGB1 and clinicopathological characteristics, immune function and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. Methods: We enrolled a total of 120 breast cancer patients admitted to the Third Hospital of Nanchang from May 2019 to October 2020. The level of HMGB1 in sample of the core needle biopsy was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-10 and TGF-β as the indicators of regulatory T cell (Treg) were measured. The percentages of CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells were detected by flow cytometry. The contents of immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, IgM and complement C3, C4 were determined by rate-scattering turbidimetry. The study subjects were divided into the high level group (HMGB1 ＞ 22.98 ng/mL) and the low level group (HMGB1≤22.98 ng/mL) according to the lower limit level of the 95% CI. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the pathological effect was evaluated according to the Miller-Payne pathological response grading standard. We analyzed the relationship between HMGB1 level and pathological efficacy. Results: HMGB1 levels were associated with breast cancer stage and lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.05). The level of HMGB1 was significantly correlated with Treg related IL-10 and TGF-β (r=0.734, P ＜ 0.001; r=0.686, P ＜ 0.001). CD4 + T cells/CD3 + T cells in the HMGB1 high level group were lower than in the low level group, and CD8 + T cells/CD3 + T cells were higher in the high level group than in the low level group (P ＜ 0.05). Patients with high-level HMGB1 had worse postoperative effects. Conclusion: The level of HMGB1 is related to breast cancer stage, lymph node metastasis and cellular immune function, and helps predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.关键词：High mobility group box 1;Breast cancer;Regulatory T cell;Immune function2|1663|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: NCAPD2 is a protein-coding gene that plays a key role in cell proliferation, such as mitosis process. This study aimed to investigate the expression level and clinical value of NCAPD2 in glioma. Methods: The expression of NCAPD2 mRNA in various malignant tumor tissues was analyzed by GEPIA database. The expression level of NCAPD2 mRNA in glioma was analyzed by Ualcan, UCSC Xena and TIMER2.0 database. Immunohistochemical S-P method was used to detect and analyze the expression of NCAPD2 protein in normal brain tissue and glioma tissue, as well as the relationship between the overexpression of NCAPD2 protein and the clinicopathological features of glioma. The expression level of NCAPD2 in glioma cells was verified by Western blot. LinkedOmics database was used to explore genes co-expressed with NCAPD2. Metascape database and GoPlot database were used for enrichment analysis. Results: Database analysis showed that the expression of NCAPD2 was higher in various malignant tissues than in normal tissues (P ＜ 0.05), and the expression level of NCAPD2 was higher in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutant-type glioma than in IDH1 wild-type glioma (P ＜ 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that NCAPD2 protein was mainly expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and the positive expression rate and strong positive expression rate of NCAPD2 protein in glioma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal brain tissues (P ＜ 0.01). However, NCAPD2 protein was positively correlated with clinical classification of glioma patients (P ＜ 0.05). Western blot assay showed that the expression of NCAPD2 protein in glioma cells was significantly higher than in glial cells (P ＜ 0.05). GO enrichment analysis showed that NCAPD2 gene was mainly related to cell cycle progression (P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion: The overexpression of NCAPD2 in glioma is closely related to clinical grade and cell cycle progression, which indicates that NCAPD2 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of glioma.关键词：Glioma;NCAPD2;Immunohistochemistry;Diagnosis2|1479|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: There is severe immune imbalance in breast cancer patients. Thymosin α1 (Tα1) acts as an immune enhancer. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of docetaxel (DCT) combined with Tα1 on number of regulatory T cell (Treg) in immune microenvironment of rats with breast cancer, and preliminarily analyze its action mechanism. Methods: Sixty female SD rats were randomly divided into model group, DCT group (10 mg/kg), Tα1 group (0.8 mg/kg) and three DCT+Tα1 (10 mg/kg DCT; 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg/kg Tα1) groups with 10 cases in each group. SD female rats were inoculated with breast cancer cell line SHZ-88 to construct xenograft models. After tumor formation, DCT group, Tα1 group and DCT+Tα1 group were given intraperitoneal injection of DCT and Tα1 respectively. The administration period was 20 d, once a day. The tumor volume was measured. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was applied to detect apoptosis of tumor cells. The number of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg, expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and number of Treg in tumor tissues were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in tumor tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of PD-1 and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in tumor tissues were detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with model group, drug administration effectively inhibited tumor growth, promoted apoptosis of tumor cells and significantly down-regulated the number of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg and expressions of IL-10, TGF-β, PD-1 and PD-L1 (P ＜ 0.05). The action effect in DCT+0.8 mg/kg Tα1 group was the most significant, which was significantly better compared with the other administration groups. Conclusion: DCT combined with Tα1 can inhibit growth of rat tumor. The effect of DCT+0.8 mg/kg Tα1 is the most significant, and its mechanism may involve down-regulating expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and inhibiting infiltration of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg.关键词：Docetaxel;Thymosin α1;Breast cancer;Immunity;Regulatory T cell2|1072|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Breast cancer threatens the health of women all over the world. Although a large number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be abnormally expressed in breast cancer, a complete miRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) network still needs to be constructed. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to download breast cancer related data sets and analyze the differentially expressed miRNAs between tumor tissues and normal tissues. The miRDB, miRTarBase and StarBase databases were used to analyze the genes targeted by different miRNAs. The ClusterProfiler package in R language was used to enrich and analyze the target genes. String database and Cytoscape 3.6.2 software were used to analyze protein- protein interaction (PPI) network and screen Hub gene. The miRNA-Hub mRNA regulatory network was constructed to determine the research signal axis, and then verified by cell experiments. Results: Two differential miRNAs were identified in TCGA data set; 278 target genes were predicted from the three databases. Ten Hub genes were identified. The constructed miRNA Hub gene network showed that hsa-mir-98-5p/DKK3 axis might play a key role in the progression of breast cancer. Cell functional experiments confirmed that hsa-miR-98-5p could inhibit apoptosis and promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The binding of hsa- miR-98-5p to DKK3 was further confirmed by dual luciferase activity assay. Conclusion: In this study, we analyzed a miRNA- mRNA network associated with breast cancer progression and identified an important miRNA mRNA axis in breast cancer.关键词：Breast cancer;Hsa-miR-98-5p;DKK3;Dual luciferase activity report experiment2|1569|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Histological grading based on the degree of differentiation has limitations in evaluating the biological behavior of colorectal cancer. Finding more morphological indicators will provide more evidence for the prognosis and stratified management of colorectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between poorly differentiated clusters (PDC) and clinicopathological parameters in colorectal adenocarcinoma and its significance. Methods: Data of 101 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma who underwent radical surgical resection in Zhuhai Hospital of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to October 2020 were collected. Among them, there were 54 males and 47 females, ranging in age from 29 to 86 years with median age of 62 years. Tumor size ranged from 1.5 to 9.0 cm (mean 4.5 cm). There were 42 cases of left colon cancer, 21 cases of right colon cancer and 38 cases of rectal cancer. The number of PDC of colorectal adenocarcinoma in H-E section was observed under light microscope and graded, and the relationship between PDC grade and other clinicopathological parameters of colorectal adenocarcinoma was analyzed. Results: Among 101 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma, 42 cases (41.6%) were G1 grade, 29 cases (28.7%) were G2 grade, and 30 cases (29.7%) were G3 grade. In colorectal adenocarcinoma, PDC was positively correlated with histological grade, invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, nerve invasion, distant metastasis stage and tumor budding (TB) (P ＜ 0.05), but not with patient age, gender, tumor site or tumor size (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion: PDC is closely related to the invasive biological behavior of colorectal adenocarcinoma. PDC is likely to be a more effective prognostic marker than traditional histological grading after TB. Identification and evaluation of PDC grading in colorectal adenocarcinoma can better predict the biological behavior of colorectal adenocarcinoma, and thus more accurately guide the treatment and prognosis evaluation of colorectal cancer.关键词：Colorectal adenocarcinoma;Poorly differentiated clusters;Tumor budding2|1664|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) is a rare and benign mixed neuronal-glial tumor. This paper was to study the clinicopathological features and the key points of differential diagnosis of DNT. Methods: The data of 6 cases with DNT diagnosed by pathological examination in The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Suzhou Municipal Hospital from March 2009 to January 2021 were collected, the clinicopathological features, imaging characteristics and immunohistochemical phenotype were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were followed up. Results: The main symptoms of the patients were limb convulsions and epilepsy. Four tumors were located in temporal lobe, 1 in parietal lobe, and 1 in frontal lobe. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tumors mainly showed cystic lesions with septum and “triangle sign”, T1-hypointensity and T2-hyperintensity. Peripheral edema was inconspicuous. The histopathological hallmarks were so called specific glioneuronal element with myxoid matrix, floating neurons or proliferative astrocytes scattering among oligodendrocyte-like cells, which distributed in bundles, nests, microcysts with focal calcification. Immunohistochemistry showed that scattered neurons expressed Syn, NeuN and MAP2, oligodendrocyte-like cells expressed Olig-2 and S-100, and GFAP was expressed in proliferative astrocytes. The expression of P53 was wild-type. The index of Ki-67 was less than or equal to 2%. All patients received surgical treatment without radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Five patients were followed up, and one of them had recurrent epilepsy 3 years after operation. Conclusion: DNT can be cured by surgery, and it can be diagnosed by combination of clinical features, imaging examination and pathology without the need for radiation and chemotherapy.关键词：Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor;Clinicopathological feature;Imaging characteristics;Immunophenotype1|1321|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: The precise radiotherapy of tumor site depends on the precise dose distribution of the therapeutic target. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of different computed tomography value to the relative electron density (CT-RED) calibration curve on the dose distribution of tumor and the method of fitting one CT-RED curve. Methods: Two CT scanners in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were used to scan the CIRS-062 electronic density phantom, the CT- RED calibration curves of different sites (head, chest and abdomen) were obtained, and an improved CT-RED curve was optimized based on each curve. The original and modified CT-RED curves were used to calculate the dose distribution of planning target volume (PTV) (nasopharyngeal cancer, lung cancer and cervical cancer, 16 cases of each) and organ at risk (OAR) in the treatment planning system (TPS). Finally, 5 cases of each tumor were selected to verify the feasibility of optimized CT-RED. Results: The dose calculated by different CT-RED curves showed minimal differences in cervical cancer and head and neck tumor ( ＜ 1.00% and ＜ 1.13%), but there was a large difference (2.50%) in low-density area of lung tumor. There was no significant difference ( ＜ 1.00%) between the optimized CT-RED curve and the original six CT-RED curves in the PTV and OAR. Conclusion: The corresponding CT- RED calibration curve should be selected to calculate the dose distribution of different tumors. And the improved CT-RED calibration curve scheme can also be used to reduce the potential risk of wrong calibration curve selection in the center with multiple positioning CT.关键词：Relative electron density;Different computed tomography value to the relative electron density;Radiotherapy2|1446|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: There is a lack of serum markers for the diagnosis of bone metastasis in patients with primary lung cancer currently. This study aimed to explore the expression level of serum N-terminal mid-fragment (N-MID) of osteocalcin (OC) and its functions in the diagnosis and therapy monitoring of bone metastasis in patients with lung cancer. Methods: A total of 231 patients with clinically classified primary lung cancer in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre from March 2017 to February 2018 were enrolled as the experimental group, including 97 patients with bone metastasis and 134 without bone metastasis. Sixty-nine healthy adults without cancer were included in the same period as the healthy control group. Serum levels of N-MID, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. The correlation with clinical characteristics of bone metastasis in lung cancer was analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Expression levels of N-MID before treatment were significantly higher in the bone metastasis group than in the group without bone metastasis (P ＜ 0.001) and healthy control group (P ＜ 0.001). According to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, the serum levels of N-MID (OR=9.265) and NSE (OR=2.688) were risk factors of bone metastasis in lung cancer patients. The cut-off level of serum N-MID was determined as 14.96ng/mL by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the experimental group was divided into two subgroups. The progression-free survival (PFS) of lung cancer patients whose serum N-MID levels were higher than 14.96ng/mL before treatment was significantly lower than that of patients with N-MID level lower than 14.96ng/mL (HR=2.040). In lung cancer patients with bone metastasis, the decrease of serum N-MID level after treatment indicated remission (P ＜ 0.001). Conclusion: The serum level of N-MID is closely correlated to the bone metastasis in lung cancer. The detection of serum N-MID before and after treatment can be applied in both auxiliary diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic effect in lung cancer patients with bone metastasis.关键词：Primary lung cancer;Bone metastasis;N-terminal mid-fragment;Auxiliary diagnosis;Therapeutic effect monitoring2|1196|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer are increasing year by year in China, and the trend of younger age is becoming more and more obvious. Immune and inflammation-mediated anti-tumor responses are particularly important in the process of tumor treatment, and play an important role in the multi-stage development of tumors. In recent years, researchers have found that neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet- lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), which are systemic inflammatory markers, can guide the prognosis of patients undergoing radical colorectal cancer surgery. In addition, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have also become a focus of research. As early as 2005, scholars found that for patients with colorectal cancer undergoing radical resection, the infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor tissues were related to the prognosis of these patients, and the higher the density of infiltrating lymphocytes, the better the prognosis of the patients. In recent years, more and more studies have been conducted to verify these conclusions and explore the underlying mechanism. Traditional TNM staging system has been widely used to predict the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer, however, it represents the biological behavior of the tumor and cannot accurately predict the risk of death and recurrence of patients with colorectal cancer. Some studies have established an individualized prediction model and visualized the prediction model by using the nomogram to predict the prognosis of resectable colorectal cancer patient with higher efficiency. This paper aimed to explore the predictive status of inflammatory markers and immune markers in resectable colorectal cancer, and at the same time, to search for a more efficient prognosis model of colorectal cancer to predict the prognosis of patient with resectable colorectal cancer more accurately.关键词：Colorectal cancer;Prognosis;Inflammation;Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes;Immune;Nomogram2|1613|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Cancer has become one of the most important public issues which seriously influence the health condition of Chinese population. The cancer-related fatigue has drawn great attention. Studies have reported that cancer-related fatigue is the most common concomitant symptom of cancer. Cancer-related fatigue could negatively affect the work, social relationship, emotions, daily activities and quality of life of cancer patients, leading to discontinuation of the treatment and even influencing the time of survival in cancer patients. However, there is no relevant guideline to instruct the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer-related fatigue in China. Experts and scholars from the Tumor Support and Rehabilitation Therapy Group, the Oncology Committee of Chinese Medical Association summarized the research progress of cancer-related fatigue so as to transmit important information and guide clinical practice timely. This guideline mainly covers the definition, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, interfering factors, types of Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome, screening, clinical evaluation and integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine treatment, aiming to provide suggestions for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer-related fatigue, to facilitate the promotion of standardized treatment for patients with cancer-related fatigue, and to improve the clinical prognosis of patients with cancer-related fatigue.关键词：Cancer-related fatigue;Clinical practice;Diagnosis and treatment;Guideline3|2422|0更新时间：2025-12-31
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