最新刊期
卷 32 ， 期 1 ， 2022
- 摘要：Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive tract. Given the lack of appropriate screening and diagnosis methods, the deep location of the pancreas, difficulty in a tissue biopsy, rapid tumor progression and low response rate to radiotherapy or chemotherapy, its morbidity is almost similar to the mortality. Approximately 80% of patients with pancreatic cancer have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, and the average survival time is less than 1 year. The extremely aggressive nature of pancreatic cancer and the low survival rate make it a heavy global burden. With the advancement of many basic and clinical studies, new progress has been made in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, diagnostic methods, preoperative treatment, radiotherapy techniques and systemic treatment of advanced diseases during the last year. These results further enrich the treatment options for patients with pancreatic cancer and improve the prognosis. The present review summarized the important findings in pancreatic cancer research in 2021.关键词：Pancreatic cancer;Epidemiology;Basic research;Clinical research;Progress26083|4318|0更新时间：2025-12-31
Specialists’ Commentary
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Glioma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). Glioblastoma is highly malignant and aggressive, and the prognosis of patients with recurrent glioblastoma is very poor. This study aimed to screen the genes related to the recurrent glioblastoma, and analyze the relationship between their expressions, clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in glioma. Methods: By mining the relevant datasets of the primary and recurrent cases of glioblastoma in the GEO database, the differentially expressed gene (DEG) in the samples of primary and recurrent glioblastomas were screened and analyzed. All DEGs analyses were carried out in ontology function and pathway enrichment. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and used for screening Hub gene. Key genes were intersected by PPI network and Venn diagram, and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database were analyzed for association of key gene expressions and survival status. Key genes were furtherly analyzed to determine the relationship between their expressions and clinicopathological parameters of glioma. Results: There were 40 DEG screened in the dataset GSE62153, including 34 up-regulated genes and 6 down-regulated genes. There were 19 DEG screened in the dataset GSE58399, including 16 up-regulated genes and 3 down-regulated genes. Go functional analyses showed that the DEG of GSE62153 were mainly involved in 11 physiological processes, such as central nervous system development, myelin sheath, actin binding, central nervous system myelination. The DEG of GSE58399 were mainly enriched in the positive regulation of epithelial cell migration. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment showed that the datasets GSE62153 and GSE58399 were both enriched in histidine metabolism. By using the STRING database, the core of PPI network was constructed with 20 protein molecules. A total of 10 hub genes were screened, including MOBP, OPALIN, ERMN, PLP1, MOG, CLDN11, ASPA, TMEM125, KLK6 and NKX6-2 gene. The key genes for recurrent glioblastoma were ERMN, MOG and MOBP gene. Based on analyses using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and CGGA databases, the prognosis of patients with high expressions of ERMN, MOG and MOBP was favorable compared with the low expression group. The expression levels of key genes in glioblastoma were lower compared with the control tissues (P<0.001). There were significant differences in the expressions of ERMN, MOG and MOBP gene among different World Health Organization (WHO) grades (WHO Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ) (P<0.001). As the grade of glioblastoma increased, the expressions of ERMN, MOG and MOBP were decreased gradually. The expressions of ERMN, MOG and MOBP gene were correlated with WHO classification, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status and clinicopathological characteristics (P<0.001). The expression of MOBP gene was correlated with age (P<0.001) and MGMT methylation status (P=0.022). Conclusion: ERMN, MOG and MOBP gene may function as tumor suppressor genes and participate in the recurrence of glioblastoma. The histidine metabolism pathway may be related to the sensitivity of methotrexate treatment.关键词：Glioma;Bioinformatics;Survival;Recurrence;Histidine metabolism785|3002|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies. The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the treatment of colorectal cancer is often affected by drug resistance or toxic side effects. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the key enzyme in the metabolism of 5-FU, and the expression or degradation rate of 5-FU may be a factor affecting the efficacy of 5-FU. Autophagy is an important pathway of intracellular protein degradation. This study aimed to detect the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), P62 and DPD in colorectal cancer, and to explore their correlation and clinical significance, so as to provide a new way to reverse 5-FU resistance. Methods: Immunohistochemical envision method was used to detect the expressions of LC3, p62 and DPD in 157 colorectal cancer paraffin tissues archived by Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital from 2013 to 2014. Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) were used to detect the expressions of LC3, p62 and DPD in 44 colorectal cancer fresh tissues received by Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital in 2020. The correlation and clinical significance were analyzed. Results: The expressions of LC3, P62 and DPD were significantly higher in colorectal carcinoma than in normal tissues (P<0.05). The expressions of P62 was positively correlated with the expressions of DPD, and the expressions of LC3 was negatively correlated with the expressions of P62 and DPD (P<0.05). The expression of DPD was significantly higher in P62-/LC3- group than in the other three groups, while the expression of DPD was significantly lower in P62-/LC3+ group than in the other three groups (P<0.05). The protein expression of DPD in P62+/LC3- and P62+/LC3+ group were different, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The expression of P62 was positively correlated with T stage and lymph node metastasis. The expression of LC3 was positively correlated with tumor size and T stage. The protein expression of DPD was closely related to histological type (P<0.05). LC3, P62, DPD and lymph node metastasis were related to the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. All of them were independent risk factors for the prognosis of colorectal cancer. Conclusion: LC3 and p62 can affect the expression of DPD. Autophagy-lysosome pathway may be an important pathway of DPD degradation, which may affect the resistance of colorectal cancer to 5-FU through the degradation rate of DPD.关键词：Colorectal cancer;Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase;Autophagy;Light chain 3;P6280|1719|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ARAP1-AS1 is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors, but its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is unknown. This study aimed to explore the biological role of ARAP1-AS1 in ccRCC. Methods: The expression level of ARAP1-AS1 in ccRCC tissues and its relationship to patient’s clinicopathological characteristics and survival rate were analyzed using the GEPIA database. The expression level of ARAP1-AS1 was measured in ccRCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR). Patients were divided into ARAP1-AS1 high and low expression groups, the relationship between ARAP1-AS1 expression level and patient’s clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed, and survival analysis was performed. The effect of ARAP1-AS1 in vitro proliferation, migration and invasion ability of ccRCC cells was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, transwell migration and invasion assay. Changes in the expressions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blot assay. The effect of ARAP1-AS1 on tumorigenic capacity in ccRCC cells in vivo was verified by tumor xenografts in nude mice. Results: The analysis of the GEPIA database showed that ARAP1-AS1 was highly expressed in ccRCC and associated with advanced tumor stage as well as poor survival in patients (all P<0.05). The results of RTFQ-PCR showed that ARAP1-AS1 was highly expressed in ccRCC tissues and cell lines, and high expression correlated with tumor size and stage (all P<0.05). The overall survival rate was poor in patients with high ARAP1-AS1 expression (P<0.05). Knockdown of ARAP1-AS1 expression inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of ccRCC cells (all P<0.05). Silencing of ARAP1-AS1 reduced the expression levels of the proteins involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (all P<0.05). Silencing of ARAP1-AS1 attenuated tumorigenic capacity in ccRCC cells and reduced Ki-67 proliferation index (P<0.05). Conclusion: ARAP1-AS1 promotes ccRCC progression through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.关键词：Clear cell renal cell carcinoma;ARAP1-AS1;Wnt/β-catenin25|1282|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: The biological risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) can be divided into very low-risk, low-risk, moderate-risk and high-risk. Accurate preoperative prediction of risk is very important for clinical diagnosis and treatment. This study explored the application value of decision tree model based on ultrasonic signs in predicting the risk grade of GIST. Methods: A total of 206 GIST patients treated in Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from December 2016 to December 2020 were collected. The decision tree model was established, and the prediction accuracy of the model was calculated. Results: There were statistically significant differences in long diameter, short diameter/long diameter (S/L), location, internal echo, echo uniformity, boundary, shape, cystic necrosis and blood flow signals among low-risk, moderate-risk and high-risk groups (all P<0.05). The prediction accuracy of the decision tree model based on the long diameter, location, echo uniformity and shape was 72.33%, and the prediction accuracies of the low-risk group and high-risk group were 80.90% and 93.90%, respectively. Conclusion: The decision tree model based on ultrasonic signs has high application value in predicting the risk grade of GIST.关键词：Gastrointestinal stromal tumor;Risk grade;Decision tree;Ultrasonography23|1082|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Human papilloma virus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC-HPV) is a distinct entity with a significantly increasing incidence. This study aimed to observe the clinicopathological features of OPSCC-HPV. Methods: The clinical characteristics, histological morphology and immunohistochemical phenotypes of 64 cases of OPSCC-HPV who were diagnosed in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from October 2013 to July 2019 were analyzed. The status of HPV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in tumor tissue was detected respectively by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization. Results: There were 50 male and 14 female patients, with the age at presentation ranging from 33 to 76 years. The tonsil was the most frequently involved site, followed by the oropharyngeal wall and the base of tongue. A total of 36 patients presented with a progressively enlarged neck mass as an initial symptom, and 57 patients had cervical lymph node metastases (30 with cystic changes). The overall TNM clinical staging of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) were obtained in 55 cases. Compared to the 7th edition staging rules, the 8th edition overall clinical staging was significantly degraded. Fifty-two cases and 3 cases were diagnosed as stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively. Proportion of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ disease increased by 85.4%, and stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ diseases reduced by 52.7% and 32.7%, respectively. The consistency rate of the 7th and 8th edition clinical TNM staging was only 3.6% (2/55). During the follow-up time ranging from 2 months to 77 months, 2 patients developed local recurrence, 6 patients had cervical lymph node metastasis and 3 patients died. Sixty-three cases were non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 1 case was adenosquamous carcinoma. Tumor cells displayed a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and increased mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical staining showed that P16 was diffusely and strongly positive in 59 of 60 tested cases, and Ki-67 proliferation index was high in 24 cases. High-risk virus infection was found in all 39 patients with HPV-16 type accounting for 92.3%. A total of 35 patients underwent P16 and HPV tests simultaneously with a consistency of 97.1%. Conclusion: OPSCC-HPV has unique clinicopathological features. P16 or HPV detection should be performed on all primary OPSSC and cervical lymph node metastasis of unknown primary.关键词：Human papilloma virus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma;P16;Diagnosis25|1390|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: The treatment-related cardiovascular disease in patients with breast cancer poses a greater mortality threat than cancer itself. To assist clinical oncologist, we introduced a scale to help clinicians by screening out patients with breast cancer who were at risk of cardiovascular diseases. The breast cancer patients in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were analyzed retrospectively by the scale. Methods: This was a single center, retrospective trial. A total of 760 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this trial from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. The incidence rate of cardiovascular risk was collected from patients eligible for admission. Secondly, follow-up information for each patient was evaluated by the scale and the clinician. The repeatability, sensitivity, specificity and consistency of the scale were evaluated. Results: The average follow-up duration was (746.55±309.94) d, and the average population age was (56.60±12.62) years. A total of 36 patients developed severe arrhythmias during or after the treatment, 8 patients with emerging myocardial injury and 6 patients with emerging cardiac insufficiency. The follow-up rates of patients with test for NT-proBNP from half a year to one year and more than one year after baseline were 34.31% and 29.62%, while 35.48% and 32.48% for those who took echocardiography. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of medium-and high-risk patient tests were 0.828, 0.934 and 0.921, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of high-risk patient tests were 0.983, 0.986, and 0.986, respectively. The linear consistency with clinical judgment was κ=0.633, P<0.05. The average time for completion of the scale was (108.67±44.86) s. Conclusion: The incidence rate of cardiovascular disease in breast cancer patients is even higher than that of cancer itself. Therefore, it is essential to monitor cardiovascular disease. In this trial, we provide a simple and feasible scale, which has high accuracy, specificity and convenience. We hope to promote it as soon as possible.关键词：Breast cancer;Treatment-related cardiovascular diseases;Scale41|1516|0更新时间：2025-12-31
Article
- 摘要：DNA damage response (DDR) deficiency has been one of the emerging targets in treating breast cancer in recent years. The DDR pathway is essential for the identification, signal transduction and repair of DNA damage. Its dysfunction may lead to cell apoptosis or genomic instability. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, ATM inhibitors, CHEK1 inhibitors, ATR inhibitors and WEE1 inhibitors are DDR drugs that already in the clinical development for treating breast cancer. In this review, we introduced the concept of DDR deficiency, the rationale and research advances in DDR-targeted drugs, and discussed the challenges in its clinical applications.关键词：DNA damage response;Homologous recombination;Breast cancer;Treatment284|2004|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Recently, advances in machine learning and neural network technology have allowed artificial intelligence (AI) to further promote guidance of clinical diagnosis, treatment and resource expenditures. In genitourinary cancers, AI has made huge progress in improving the diagnosis and treatment of prostate, kidney and bladder cancers. Numerous studies have developed methods to utilize neural networks to automate prognostic prediction, treatment plan optimization and patient follow-up education. Obviously, AI guidance could markedly reduce the subjectivity of diagnosis and treatment management of genitourinary cancers. However, although the application of AI in cancer treatment has become a research hotspot in modern technology, there still exist obvious limitations of AI management when compared with real-world clinical strategies. Therefore, this article summarized the current advantages and disadvantages of AI to provide novel insights for the future application of AI in the precision, personalized diagnosis and treatment, and long-term management of both patients and urologists.关键词：Artificial intelligence;Machine learning;Genitourinary cancers;Prostate cancer;Renal cancer;Bladder cancer341|2922|0更新时间：2025-12-31
Review
- 关键词：Gastrointestinal stromal tumor;Da Vinci robot;Surgery;Rectal tumor;Nature orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery25|1965|0更新时间：2025-12-31
Case Report
- 摘要：Neoadjuvant therapy has become one of the standard treatments in early breast cancer. In 2019, China breast cancer neoadjuvant therapy expert group discussed and expounded the purpose, indication, evaluation criteria, surgical operation principles and the treatment strategy of neoadjuvant therapy. We further updated and discussed the clinical implementations and treatment principles of neoadjuvant therapy.关键词：Breast cancer;Neoadjuvant treatment;Consensus20574|4965|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 关键词：Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2;Gene amplification;Digital polymerase chain reaction;Consensus623|3103|0更新时间：2025-12-31
Guideline and Consensus
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