2025年美国癌症统计数据解读及对中国癌症防治工作的借鉴意义

doi:10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2025.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2025年1月，美国癌症协会发布了最新的癌症统计数据，2025年美国预计新增约2 041 910例癌症病例和618 120例死亡病例。美国癌症死亡率持续下降，出现性别差异逆转以及中青年人群癌症负担加重的趋势。美国因不同地区和人群中人群特征、干预筛检措施、医疗服务可及性和政策因素的不同导致发病率、死亡率存在显著差异。中国癌症发病谱与美国不同，且年轻女性中肺癌和乳腺癌的发病率迅速上升，年均增速超3%。中国感染相关的癌症发病率水平较高，2022年胃癌、肝癌和宫颈癌粗发病率分别为25.4/10万，26.0/10万和21.8/10万，远高于美国。中国2018—2020年适龄女性HPV疫苗累计接种率仅2.24%，癌症防控面临筛查覆盖率与依从性双重挑战。应进一步加强癌症一级预防与全面风险因素控制，重视对青年和女性群体的癌症预防策略，制定人群优先防控策略，并加强个性化筛查多方筹资协同，以实现“健康中国2030”癌症防控目标，为全球癌症治理贡献中国方案。

关键词: 癌症, 流行病学, 统计, 癌症防控, 公平性

Abstract:

In January 2025, American Cancer Society released the latest cancer statistics, projecting approximately 2 041 910 new cancer cases and 618 120 cancer-related deaths in the United States (U.S.). The cancer mortality rate in the U.S. continues to decline, with a reversal in gender disparities and an increasing cancer burden among middle-aged and young populations. Significant differences in incidence and mortality rates are attributed to variations in population characteristics, intervention screening measures, healthcare accessibility, and policy factors across different regions and populations within the U.S. Compared with the U.S., the cancer spectrum in China is different, and the incidence rates of lung cancer and breast cancer are rapidly rising among young women, with an average annual growth rate exceeding 3%. Infection-related cancer incidence rates are relatively high, with the incidence of gastric cancer, liver cancer and cervix cancer in China being 25.4/10⁵, 26.0/10⁵and 21.8/10⁵ in 2022 respectively, surpassing U.S. incidence levels. Alarmingly, the cumulative HPV vaccination coverage among eligible Chinese women during 2018-2020 was merely 2.24%, reflecting dual barriers of low screening compliance and inadequate prevention infrastructure. There is a need to further enhance primary cancer prevention and comprehensive risk factor control, prioritize cancer prevention strategies for young and female populations, formulate population-tailored prioritized prevention frameworks and strengthen multi-stakeholder financing mechanisms for personalized screening programs, with the aim of achieving the "Healthy China 2030" cancer prevention and control goals and contributing China's approach to global cancer governance.

Key words: Cancer, Epidemiology, Statistics, Cancer control, Equity

中图分类号:

R737.1

牟思博, 周昌明, 郑莹. 2025年美国癌症统计数据解读及对中国癌症防治工作的借鉴意义[J]. 中国癌症杂志, 2025, 35(6): 523-530.

MU Sibo, ZHOU Changming, ZHENG Ying. Interpretation of US cancer statistics 2025 and its implications for cancer prevention and treatment in China[J]. China Oncology, 2025, 35(6): 523-530.

图/表 2

表1

2002—2017年中美主要癌症发病率分性别对比"

Year	China
	Lung		Colorectal		Breast female	Liver		Stomach		Prostate male
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Breast female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Prostate male
2017	49.19	34.38	32.03	21.77	47.34	19.04	5.62	19.22	9.58	16.97
2016	45.57	31.62	31.24	21.43	43.47	19.53	5.65	18.37	9.14	14.83
2015	47.60	32.55	30.24	21.29	43.74	20.98	5.14	19.76	9.15	14.56
2014	45.35	29.21	31.39	20.97	45.12	21.24	6.26	19.31	9.64	14.79
2013	44.24	25.44	31.38	22.72	40.15	20.93	6.53	19.85	9.61	13.93
2012	44.12	23.93	28.39	21.65	40.99	21.49	6.50	20.16	10.03	12.72
2011	41.41	20.51	27.63	21.19	38.81	22.03	5.70	21.00	10.51	11.86
2010	42.13	19.72	26.86	21.49	38.34	22.33	6.54	22.47	10.41	11.38
2009	41.89	20.01	27.64	20.05	35.64	22.27	6.58	21.45	10.72	11.67
2008	43.67	19.21	28.35	20.23	37.07	23.16	6.90	21.84	11.57	10.62
2007	42.20	19.22	28.00	21.50	35.13	22.56	6.69	24.19	12.04	9.77
2006	42.81	19.21	27.34	21.93	37.06	24.76	7.60	23.68	12.76	9.54
2005	45.00	20.64	26.99	21.55	36.61	24.73	8.30	25.57	13.18	9.28
2004	46.66	19.92	26.05	22.22	37.55	25.85	8.30	26.85	13.69	9.55
2003	45.89	19.16	25.60	22.21	33.52	24.32	7.28	27.41	13.15	7.56
2002	49.34	20.47	28.63	22.23	33.90	27.26	8.41	29.74	13.99	7.68
APC	0.07	3.91	1.21	-0.15	2.00	-1.96	-2.75	-2.88	-3.02	5.09
Year	USA
	Lung		Colorectal		Breast female	Liver		Stomach		Prostate male
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Breast female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Prostate male
2015	33.84	27.41	28.00	22.46	89.60	10.08	3.37	5.36	2.88	75.12
2014	34.58	28.28	28.96	22.72	89.57	9.73	3.13	5.64	2.70	71.27
2013	35.72	28.64	27.83	21.42	88.41	9.68	3.08	5.68	2.97	78.12
2012	37.05	28.81	28.39	22.29	88.17	9.72	2.98	5.82	3.21	81.58
2011	37.97	29.58	28.85	22.67	89.09	9.42	2.94	6.11	3.10	99.84
2010	39.39	29.74	29.87	23.28	87.10	8.97	2.81	5.95	3.04	103.74
2009	41.29	31.90	31.29	24.33	89.73	9.02	2.76	6.23	3.10	108.74
2008	42.35	31.87	32.34	24.87	88.69	8.28	2.69	6.21	3.01	109.87
2007	43.84	32.95	33.53	25.57	88.74	8.30	2.53	6.34	2.89	120.27
2006	44.62	33.20	33.20	26.00	87.98	7.89	2.45	6.49	3.11	117.37
2005	45.62	33.89	34.52	26.50	88.15	7.35	2.46	6.47	3.02	106.09
2004	46.49	33.10	35.85	26.77	89.81	7.06	2.17	6.76	3.24	112.44
2003	49.63	34.24	36.78	26.98	89.23	6.61	2.23	6.54	3.26	114.45
2002	49.50	34.14	37.93	28.69	96.34	5.97	2.15	6.82	3.30	122.39
APC	-2.96	-1.81	-2.13	-1.68	-0.16	3.13	3.12	-1.70	-0.62	-3.54

表1

图1

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