病毒样颗粒在肿瘤治疗中的应用研究进展及展望

doi:10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2025.06.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

病毒样颗粒（virus-like particle，VLP）是由一种或几种病毒结构蛋白组合而成的中空纳米颗粒，其形态结构与天然病毒极其相似，但不包含任何遗传物质。因VLP具有良好的天然免疫原性和安全性，故常被用于肿瘤疫苗的开发。此外，与传统的药物递送载体相比，VLP具有较好的生物相容性，且靶向性强，使得VLP在递送抗肿瘤药物方面备受关注。近年来利用VLP高效递送基因编辑工具，为肿瘤治疗提供了新的可能。VLP可以通过多种机制来抑制肿瘤生长和转移，如VLP可通过激活免疫应答来抑制肿瘤的生长，通过激发机体的免疫系统，促进肿瘤相关抗原的表达，从而增强机体对肿瘤细胞的识别和清除能力等。本文介绍基于不同病毒来源的VLP在预防性或治疗性疫苗以及药物递送载体方面的应用研究进展，并探讨新的开发策略。这些研究不仅可拓宽VLP在抗肿瘤领域的应用范围，也将为未来的研究与应用展现更广阔的前景。

关键词: 病毒样颗粒, 药物递送载体, 抗肿瘤药物, 肿瘤疫苗

Abstract:

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are hollow nanoparticles composed of one or several virus structural proteins, which have a morphological structure similar to natural viruses but do not contain any genetic material. Due to the excellent innate immunogenicity and safety of VLPs, they are often used in the development of tumor vaccines. In addition, compared with traditional drug delivery vectors, VLPs have better biocompatibility and strong targeting ability, making them highly valued in the delivery of anti-tumor drugs. In recent years, the efficient delivery of gene editing tools using VLPs has provided new possibilities for tumor treatment. VLPs can inhibit tumor growth and spread through various mechanisms, such as activating immune responses to suppress tumor growth, stimulating the body's immune system, promoting the expression of tumor associated antigens, and enhancing the body's ability to recognize and clear tumor cells. These studies not only broaden the application scope of VLPs in the field of anti-tumor therapy, but also provide a broader prospect for future research and application. This article reviewed the research progress of VLPs derived from different viruses in preventive or therapeutic vaccines and drug delivery carriers, and explored new development strategies.

Key words: Virus-like particles, Drug delivery vehicles, Antitumor drug, Tumor vaccine

中图分类号:

R730.54

刘春, 陈国心, 李梦甜, 赵钰, 马忠仁, 张海霞. 病毒样颗粒在肿瘤治疗中的应用研究进展及展望[J]. 中国癌症杂志, 2025, 35(6): 585-591.

LIU Chun, CHEN Guoxin, LI Mengtian, ZHAO Yu, MA Zhongren, ZHANG Haixia. Research progress and prospects of virus-like particles in tumor therapy[J]. China Oncology, 2025, 35(6): 585-591.

图/表 2

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Mode of treatment	Delivery system	Cargo material	Loading method	Targeted cell	References
Vaccination	P22 VLPs	OVA_T peptide	Genetic conjugation	EG.7-OVA	[24]
	AP250 VLPs	HER2	Genetic conjugation	MDA-MB-453	[25]
	HBc VLPs	OVA peptide, gp100	Genetic conjugation	B16-F10 B16-OVA	[62]
Chemotherapy research	HBc VLPs	DOX	Chemical conjugation	HepG2 HT-29	[39]
		PTX	Encapsulation	U87 MG	[59]
		5-FA	Chemical conjugation	A431	[63]
	CCMV VLPs	DOX	Encapsulation, Chemical conjugation	MCF-7	[42-43]
	VP6-based VLPs	DOX	Chemical conjugation	HT-29	[64]
	P22 VLPs	DOX	Chemical conjugation	SK-BR-3 MDA-MB-468	[44]
	FMDV VLPs	DOX	Chemical conjugation	Hela F81	[65]
	RSV VLPs	DOX	Encapsulation	LS174T	[66]
Gene therapy research	JCPyV VLPs	pSPB-shCD59	Encapsulation	A549	[53]
		pPSAtk	Encapsulation	22RV1 PC-3	[67]
	HBC VLPs	YAP siRNA	Encapsulation	U87 MG	[59]
	CCMV VLPs	ODN1826	Encapsulation	B16-F10	[55-57]