Progress in interventional therapy of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Hongbo WANG; Yefa YANG; Naijian GE

doi:10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2022.02.003

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Progress in interventional therapy of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

更新时间：2025-12-31

- Progress in interventional therapy of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
- China Oncology Vol. 32, Issue 2, Pages: 118-124(2022)
- 作者机构：
  
  海军军医大学第三附属医院东方肝胆微创介入中心,上海201805
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2022.02.003
  CLC： R735.8
- Received：15 October 2021，
  
  Published：28 February 2022
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Hongbo WANG, Yefa YANG, Naijian GE. Progress in interventional therapy of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma[J]. China Oncology, 2022, 32(2): 118-124.
DOI：

Hongbo WANG, Yefa YANG, Naijian GE. Progress in interventional therapy of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma[J]. China Oncology, 2022, 32(2): 118-124. DOI： 10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2022.02.003.

摘要

肝外胆管癌是指源于肝外胆管包括肝门区至胆总管下端胆管的恶性肿瘤。在美国癌症联合会（American Joint Committee on Cancer

AJCC）第8版指南中

肝外胆管癌被分类分为肝门胆管癌和远端胆管癌两部分。近年来

肝外胆管癌的发病率逐渐升高

且预后较差

手术切除在治疗中的局限性逐渐体现。在胆管癌的诊断方面

癌胚抗原（carcinoembryonic antigen

CEA）和糖类抗原19-9（carbohydrate antigen 19-9

CA19-9）均无特异性

仅作为提示患者病情改变的标志

便于及时调整治疗。影像学检查如计算机体层成像（computed tomography

CT）或磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging

MRI）可以用来进行多期对比

磁共振胰胆管造影（magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

MRCP）在肝外胆管癌的诊断中也具有重要的作用。目前

肝部分切除或胆管切除是肝门部胆管癌的常规外科治疗方式

而针对远端胆管癌可以行胰十二指肠切除术

但对于有转移的肝外胆管癌

手术不能达到根治的效果。随着介入治疗技术的发展

针对不可切除的肝外胆管癌的介入治疗将成为新的趋势。近年来

胆道引流、胆道腔内射频消融术（radio frequency ablation

RFA）、胆道支架、放射性粒子植入以及经肝动脉介入治疗等方法在胆管癌治疗中已广泛应用

研究的热点包括胆管癌的胆道引流以及改善胆汁淤积等

目前临床常用的介入治疗方法包括胆管引流术、RFA以及局部放化疗

其中胆道引流术包括经皮穿肝胆管引流术（percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage

PTBD）、内镜下鼻胆管引流术（endoscopic nasob

iliary drainage

ENBD）以及经皮胆道内支架植入术（percutaneous transhepatic biliary stenting

PTBS）

对于缓解病情、治疗胆道梗阻均具有较好的效果。RFA通过高频电流产生热量

达到杀死肿瘤细胞的目的。经动脉化疗栓塞术（transarterial chemoembolization

TACE）已成为肝脏肿瘤主要的治疗方式之一

许多学者在TACE联合放射性粒子植入、TACE联合经动脉灌注化疗（hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy

HAIC）方面进行尝试

并取得了不同程度的成果;

125

I粒子近距离放射治疗、立体定向放疗、光动力疗法等在一些小样本的临床试验中也取得了一定的效果

但目前仍旧缺乏大样本的临床数据支持。因此

未来在胆管癌的介入治疗方面

放射性粒子或放射性支架置入病变部位以进行局部放疗

或采用TACE联合HAIC

以及采用分子靶向治疗药物和免疫疗法与介入技术的结合等

有望为肝外胆管癌患者提供更多选择。

Abstract

Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma refers to a malignant tumor originating from the extrahepatic bile duct

including the bile duct from the hilar area to the lower end of the common bile duct. In the 8th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) guideline

extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is classified into two parts: hilar and distal parts. In recent years

the incidence of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has gradually increased

and the prognosis has been poor. The limitations of traditional surgical resection in treatment have gradually manifested. In the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma

carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) are not specific and are only used as a reminder of changes in the condition for patients

which facilitates timely adjustment of treatment. Imaging examinations such as computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) can be used for multi-phase comparison to achieve the purpose of diagnosis. MRCP also plays an important role in the diagnosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. At present

hepatectomy or cholangioectomy is the conventional surgical treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. For distal cholangiocarcinoma

pancreaticoduodenectomy can be performed to achieve the purpose of treatment. However

due to the limitations of traditional surgery

extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with metastasis can not be effectively controlled. Therefore

with the develo

pment of interventional technology

interventional therapy for unresectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma will become a new trend. In recent years

biliary drainage

radiofrequency ablation of the biliary tract

biliary stents

radioactive particles implantation and transhepatic artery intervention have become more and more mature in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Recent research hotspots include biliary drainage of cholangiocarcinoma and improving cholestasis. The current commonly used interventional treatment methods include bile duct drainage

radiofrequency ablation and local radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Among them

biliary drainage includes percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD)

endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary stenting (PTBS) are effective in relieving the condition and treating biliary obstruction; in addition

radiofrequency ablation generates heat through high-frequency current

which can achieve the purpose of killing tumors. In recent years

transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has become one of the main treatment options for liver cancer. Many attempts have been made

and various results have been achieved. In addition

125

I particle brachytherapy

stereotactic radiotherapy

photodynamic therapy

etc. have also achieved certain effects in some small-sample clinical trials

but they are still lack of sufficient clinical data to support. Therefore

in the future interventional treatment of cholangiocarcinoma

radioactive particles or radioactive stents placed in the lesion for local radiotherapy

TACE combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC)

as well as molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapy with combination of interventional technology are hopeful to be effective treatment options for patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

关键词

Keywords

references

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