Application of 3D bioprinting in cancer research and tissue engineering

Zifei WANG; Yahui DING; Yan LI; Xin LUAN; Min TANG

doi:10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2024.09.002

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Application of 3D bioprinting in cancer research and tissue engineering

Specialists' Commentory | 更新时间：2025-12-31

- Application of 3D bioprinting in cancer research and tissue engineering
- China Oncology Vol. 34, Issue 9, Pages: 814-826(2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  上海中医药大学交叉科学研究院，上海 201203
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2024.09.002
  CLC： R73-33
- Received：30 July 2024，
  
  Revised：2024-09-14，
  
  Published：30 September 2024
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
Zifei WANG, Yahui DING, Yan LI, et al. Application of 3D bioprinting in cancer research and tissue engineering[J]. China Oncology, 2024, 34(9): 814-826.
DOI：

Zifei WANG, Yahui DING, Yan LI, et al. Application of 3D bioprinting in cancer research and tissue engineering[J]. China Oncology, 2024, 34(9): 814-826. DOI： 10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2024.09.002.

摘要

近年来生物3D打印技术快速发展，已成为肿瘤研究与组织工程领域用于组织构建、机制研究、药物评价及药物递送等研究的重要工具。本综述总结生物3D打印的基本原理及其在肿瘤研究和组织工程中的应用进展。生物3D打印是一种增材制造技术，通过数字控制逐层堆叠生物材料和活细胞以构建复杂的三维组织结构，其核心步骤是设计3D模型、选择合适的生物打印技术和材料、逐层打印、后期培养和功能化处理。在肿瘤研究中，生物3D打印可用于构建模拟肿瘤微环境的复杂模型，揭示肿瘤的发生、发展新机制。传统体外模型如二维细胞培养或动物模型难以准确模拟人类肿瘤的复杂性，而通过生物3D打印技术构建更仿生的3D肿瘤模型，模拟肿瘤细胞与免疫细胞、基质、血管等环境的动态相互作用，能够提供更接近真实肿瘤生长、侵袭及转移的研究平台。此外，生物3D打印为抗癌药物的开发、创新治疗策略的确立和个性化治疗方案的制订提供了创新平台，3D打印肿瘤模型能够提供更贴近临床的实验结果且具备高通量药物筛选的能力，可广泛应用于细胞毒类药物、靶向治疗药物和免疫治疗药物等多种类型的药物评价中；除药物开发外，生物3D打印还为肿瘤辅助治疗提供了新的解决思路。生物3D打印模型和支架，可用于个性化精准治疗，通过高效构建患者细胞构成的个性化3D模型预测患者对药物及放疗的敏感性，可建立局部支架，根据患者具体需求确定合适的药物剂型、剂量等。另外，3D打印支架可用于辅助药物递送，利用3D支架靶向递送药物或减弱药物引起的不良反应，还可辅助局部免疫检查点抑制剂疗法、局部细胞因子疗法、局部癌症疫苗疗法及局部嵌合抗原受体修饰的细胞疗法。在组织工程中，传统的组织修复方法通常难以应对复杂组织的构建需求，而生物3D打印为构建复杂组织结构和实现组织再生提供了全新的思路，骨与软骨、皮肤等结构较为基础且具备较高再生能力的组织和器官已逐渐进入临床实践，肝脏、心脏等复杂器官的修复和重建也已取得一定进展，但尚未实现临床转化。最后，本综述探讨了生物3D打印在上述领域面临的挑战及未来发展方向，以期为相关领域的研究人员提供有价值的参考。

Abstract

In recent years

3D bioprinting technology has developed rapidly

becoming an essential tool in the fields of cancer research

tissue engineering

disease modeling and mechanistic studies. This paper reviewed the fundamental principles of bioprinting technology and its current applications in cancer research and tissue engineering. Bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technology that constructs complex three-dimensional tissue structures by digitally controlling the layer-by-layer deposition of biomaterials and living cells. The core steps of bioprinting include designing a 3D model

selecting appropriate bioprinting techniques and

materials

printing layer by layer

followed by post-processing involving cell culture and functionalization. In cancer research

3D bioprinting can create complex tumor models that simulate the tumor microenvironment

revealing new mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression. Traditional

in vitro

models

such as 2D cell cultures or animal models

often fail to accurately replicate the complexity of human tumors. However

3D bioprinted tumor models

which mimic the dynamic interactions between tumor cells and their environment such as immune cells

stroma and blood vessels

offer a more biomimetic platform for studying tumor growth

invasion and metastasis. These models provide a research platform that closely mirrors actual tumor behavior. Additionally

Bioprinted models and scaffolds can be leveraged in personalized precision therapies by efficiently constructing patient-specific 3D models from their own cells. These models enable the prediction of patient’s sensitivity to drugs and radiotherapy. Additionally

localized scaffolds can be developed to meet individual patient needs

allowing for the formulation of appropriate drug types and dosages. Furthermore

3D-printed scaffolds can support drug delivery by targeting specific areas

reducing drug-related side effects. They can also be used to facilitate local immunotherapy

cytokine therapy

cancer vaccines

and chimeric antigen receptor cell therapy

enhancing therapeutic outcomes. In tissue engineering

traditional tissue repair methods often struggle to address the complex requirements of constructing intricate tissue structures. 3D bioprinting offers a novel solution by enabling the creation of complex tissue architectures and promoting tissue regeneration. Basic tissues

such as bone

cartilage and skin

which have higher regenerative capacities

are gradually being incorporated into clinical practice. Significant progress has also been made in the repair and reconstruction of more complex organs like the liver and heart

though consid

erable challenges remain before these advancements can be fully translated into clinical applications. Finally

this paper discussed the current challenges and future directions of 3D bioprinting in these fields

aiming to provide reference for researchers.

关键词

Keywords

references

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