Background and purpose: Increasing thyroid cancer (TC) incidence has caused wide public concern. It is typically interpreted as an increase in the true occurrence of TC but may also reflect changing life style or aging of population or increased diagnostic scrutiny. This study describes the temporal trend for incidence of TC and survival rate of patients by summarizing the 41 years TC incidences and follow-up data in Xuhui District

Shanghai.. Methods: Annual TC incidence data of Xuhui District from 1973 to 2013 wer

e provided by Shanghai Cancer Registry System. The calculation of age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) was based on the population of the year 1973. Temporal trends in TC incidence were analyzed based on the natural spline regression model. Annual percentage change (APC) was estimated by Jointpoint software from US National Cancer Institute

as well as survival rates were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method by Stata software. Results: During the period from 1973 to 2013

papillary cancer was the dominant type with proportion 69.8%. The ASIRs for female TC were 2.51-2.70 times as high as those for male TC. The average age of TC incidence for male was 50.04±14.71 while for female was 48.57±13.65. When aging factors were removed

incidence rate of TC was on the rise since 1981 with the APC of 8.46% (95%CI: 5.9%-11.1%)

and on a rapid growth from 2004 to 2013 with the APC of 20.30% (95%CI: 9.8%-31.7%). The study showed that the 5-year TC survival rate was 95.21%

and the 10-year TC survival rate was 89.09%. In addition

survival rate of female was higher than that of male (χ

2

=15.43

P=0.000 1). Conclusion: The rising trend of TC in Xuhui District is similar to those in Shanghai and some developed countries. Although the mortality rate of TC is low

it has a rapid increase in incidence. Studies on factors associated with TC will help to clarify the epidemiological features about TC and promote more efficient prevention and control strategies.