人工智能在类器官研究中的应用进展与挑战

吴洪基; 王海霞; 汪玲; 罗小刚; 邹冬玲

doi:10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2024.02.009

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人工智能在类器官研究中的应用进展与挑战

综述 | 更新时间：2025-12-31

- 人工智能在类器官研究中的应用进展与挑战
- Application progress and challenges of artificial intelligence in organoid research
- 中国癌症杂志 2024年34卷第2期页码：210-219
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 重庆大学生物工程学院，重庆 400030
  2. 重庆大学附属肿瘤医院妇科肿瘤中心，重庆 400030
  3. 重庆市卵巢癌专病医学研究中心，重庆 400030
  4. 重庆大学附属肿瘤医院，肿瘤转移与个体化诊治转化研究重庆市重点实验室，类器官转化研究实验室，重庆 400030
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "吴洪基（ORCID：0009-0007-4405-7411），硕士研究生在读。" ]
  邹冬玲（ORCID：0000-0001-9158-8783），主任医师，重庆大学附属肿瘤医院妇科肿瘤中心主任、生物样本库类器官专库主任、类器官转化研究实验室负责人。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(82073129);重庆市科技局项目(2023ZDXM029);重庆市科技局项目(2023MSXM043);重庆市科技局项目(cstc2022jxjl120039);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2023BEG02037);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN20230013);重庆大学附属肿瘤医院科研能力提升专项(2023nlts005)
- DOI：10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2024.02.009
  中图分类号： TP18
- 收稿：2023-07-24，
  
  修回：2023-10-03，
  
  纸质出版：2024-02-29
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
吴洪基, 王海霞, 汪玲, 等. 人工智能在类器官研究中的应用进展与挑战[J]. 中国癌症杂志, 2024,34(2):210-219.

Hongji WU, Haixia WANG, Ling WANG, et al. Application progress and challenges of artificial intelligence in organoid research[J]. China Oncology, 2024, 34(2): 210-219.
吴洪基, 王海霞, 汪玲, 等. 人工智能在类器官研究中的应用进展与挑战[J]. 中国癌症杂志, 2024,34(2):210-219. DOI： 10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2024.02.009.

Hongji WU, Haixia WANG, Ling WANG, et al. Application progress and challenges of artificial intelligence in organoid research[J]. China Oncology, 2024, 34(2): 210-219. DOI： 10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2024.02.009.

摘要

类器官是一种优异的肿瘤和干细胞研究模型，对其生长或药筛等过程的各种类型数据进行分析，有助于提升对类器官本身以及所代表疾病的了解。但人工观察和筛选类器官以及使用传统统计学方法在处理类器官数据时，存在分析准确度与效率低、难度系数大、人工成本高以及带有一定主观性等问题。而人工智能在很多生物学和医学研究领域已被证明会产生卓越效果。将人工智能引入类器官研究，有助于提升研究的客观性、准确性和速度，从而使类器官能更好地实现疾病建模、药物筛选、个性化医疗等。首先，类器官图像数据的人工智能分析取得了显著进展。结合深度学习的图像分析能够更精准地捕捉类器官的微观结构和变化，提高对类器官形态和生长的自动识别能力，达到较高的准确度，节约研究时间与成本。其次，对于类器官的组学数据，人工智能技术的引入同样取得了重要突破：可提高数据的处理效率以及发现潜在的基因表达模式，为细胞发育和疾病机制的解析提供新的工具。再次，类器官其他类型的数据如电信号和光谱等通过人工智能技术可实现对类器官类型和状态客观的分类，为类器官的全面表征进行了有益的尝试。而在类器官重要应用领域—药物筛选方面，人工智能可为过程监测和结果预测提供强有力的支持。通过高内涵显微镜图像和深度学习模型，研究者们能够实时监测类器官对药物的响应，实现了对药物作用的非侵入性检测，使药物筛选更加精准和高效。然而，尽管人工智能在类器官研究中取得了显著成果，仍然存在一系列挑战。数据获取的难度、样本质量和样本量的不足、模型解释性的问题等制约了其广泛应用。为了克服这些问题，未来的研究需要致力于提高数据的一致性，增强模型解释性，并探索多模态数据融合的方法，以更全面、可靠地应用人工智能于类器官研究中。因此本文认为人工智能技术的引入为类器官研究带来了前所未有的机遇，也取得了明显的研究进展。然而，我们仍然需要跨学科的研究与合作，共同应对挑战，推动人工智能在类器官研究中的更深层次应用。未来，人工智能有望在类器官研究中发挥更大的作用，加速其向临床转化和精准治疗的应用进程。

Abstract

Organoids

recognized as invaluable models in tumor and stem cell research

assume a pivotal role in the meticulous analysis of diverse datasets pertaining to their growth dynamics

drug screening processes and related phenomena. However

the manual scrutiny and conventional statistical methodologies employed in handling organoid data often grapple with challenges such as diminished precision and efficiency

heightened complexity

escalated human resource requirements

and a degree of subjectivity. Acknowledging the remarkable efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realms of biology and medicine

the incorporation of AI into organoid research stands poised to enhance the objectivity

precision and expediency of analyses. This integration empowers organoids to more effectively fulfill objectives such as disease modeling

drug screening and precision medicine. Notably

significant strides have been made in AI-driven analyses of organoid image data. The amalgamation of deep learning into image analysis facilitates a more meticulous delineation of the microstructural intricacies and nuanced changes within organoids

achieving a level of accuracy akin to that of experts. This not only elevates the precision of organoid morphology and growth recognition

but also contributes to substantial time and cost savings in research endeavors. Furthermore

the infusion of AI technology has yielded breakthroughs in the processing of organoid omics data

resulting in heightened efficiency in data processing and the identification of latent gene expression patterns. This furnishes novel tools for comprehending cellular development and unraveling the intricate mechanisms underlying various diseases. In addition to image data

AI techniques applied to diverse organoid datasets

encompassing electrical signals and spectra

have realized an unbiased classification of organoid types and states

embarking on a comprehensive journey towards characterizing organoids holistically. In the pivotal domain of drug screening for organoids

AI emerges as a stalwart companion

providing robust support for real-time process monitoring and result prediction. Leveraging high-content microscopy images and sophisticated deep learning models

researchers can dynamically monitor organoid responses to drugs

effecting non-invasive detection of drug impacts and amplifying the precision and efficiency of drug screening processes. Despite the significant strides made by AI in organoid research

challenges persist

encompassing hurdles in data acquisition

constraints in sample quality and quantity

and quandaries associated with model interpretability. Overcoming these challenges necessitates dedicated future research efforts aimed at enhancing data consistency

fortifying model interpretability

and exploring methodologies for the seamless fusion of multimodal data. Such endeavors are poised to usher in a more comprehensive and dependable application of AI in organoid research. In summation

the integration of AI technology introduces unparalleled opportunities to organoid research

resulting in noteworthy advancements. Nevertheless

interdisciplinary research and collaborative efforts remain imperative to navigate challenges and propel the more profound integration of AI into organoid research. The future holds promise for AI to assume an even more prominent role in advancing organoid research toward clinical translation and precision medicine.

关键词

Keywords

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