肿瘤mRNA疫苗及其递送载体在抗肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究进展

辛美仪; 林玉红; 赵凯

doi:10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2024.05.008

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肿瘤mRNA疫苗及其递送载体在抗肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2025-12-31

- 肿瘤mRNA疫苗及其递送载体在抗肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究进展
- Progress in the development of mRNA vaccine and its delivery systems for anti-tumor immunotherapy
- 中国癌症杂志 2024年34卷第5期页码：509-516
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 黑龙江大学生命科学学院，农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心，黑龙江省寒区植物基因与生物发酵重点实验室，黑龙江哈尔滨 150080
  2. 台州学院生命科学学院，浙江省植物进化生态学与保护重点实验室，台州市生物医药与高端剂型重点实验室，浙江台州 318000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "辛美仪（ORCID: 0009-0005-2834-0298），硕士。" ]
  赵凯（ORCID: 0000-0001-6139-1912)，博士，教授，台州学院生命科学学院院长
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金面上项目(32370987);浙江省‘尖兵’‘领雁’研发攻关计划(2022C02031);台州市社会发展科技计划项目(23gya01)
- DOI：10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2024.05.008
  中图分类号： R730.51
- 收稿：2024-03-04，
  
  修回：2024-04-03，
  
  纸质出版：2024-05-30
- 稿件说明：
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辛美仪, 林玉红, 赵凯. 肿瘤mRNA疫苗及其递送载体在抗肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究进展[J]. 中国癌症杂志, 2024,34(5):509-516.

Meiyi XIN, Yuhong LIN, Kai ZHAO. Progress in the development of mRNA vaccine and its delivery systems for anti-tumor immunotherapy[J]. China Oncology, 2024, 34(5): 509-516.
辛美仪, 林玉红, 赵凯. 肿瘤mRNA疫苗及其递送载体在抗肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究进展[J]. 中国癌症杂志, 2024,34(5):509-516. DOI： 10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2024.05.008.

Meiyi XIN, Yuhong LIN, Kai ZHAO. Progress in the development of mRNA vaccine and its delivery systems for anti-tumor immunotherapy[J]. China Oncology, 2024, 34(5): 509-516. DOI： 10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2024.05.008.

摘要

由于传统抗肿瘤手段在临床应用中具有特异度低、不良反应大的缺点，新型的抗肿瘤免疫疗法受到关注并逐渐得以应用。肿瘤免疫疗法通过调节机体免疫系统，增强抗肿瘤免疫应答以实现对肿瘤的控制和杀伤。肿瘤免疫疗法包括免疫检查点阻断疗法、过继细胞免疫治疗和肿瘤疫苗。其中，肿瘤疫苗通过递送肿瘤细胞特异性抗原刺激免疫系统产生特异性免疫细胞或抗体从而消除肿瘤细胞以达到治疗肿瘤的目的。近年来，mRNA疫苗相关领域迅速发展，所需的mRNA在合成及制备方面的工艺日趋成熟，为肿瘤mRNA疫苗的研究奠定了良好的基础。因mRNA具有易被降解、无法自主进入细胞等特点，此类疫苗需要合适的递送载体才能成功地被细胞摄取并发挥功效。因此，mRNA疫苗递送系统的发展成为其能否被更好地利用的关键，这也是在肿瘤治疗领域里mRNA疫苗能否被开发利用至临床阶段的重要一环。本文简要介绍肿瘤的免疫治疗方法、肿瘤疫苗种类和肿瘤mRNA疫苗的作用机制及制备方法，介绍用于肿瘤治疗的免疫疗法中mRNA疫苗及其常见的递送系统的研究进展和相关应用，并对进入临床试验阶段的肿瘤mRNA疫苗进行归纳和整理，以期为今后针对肿瘤的mRNA疫苗的研究工作提供帮助。

Abstract

Due to the drawbacks of low specificity and high risk of side effects of traditional anti-tumor treatments in clinical practice

novel anti-tumor immunotherapy has received attention and has been gradually applied. Tumor immunotherapy is to enhance the anti-tumor immune response by regulating the body’s immune system in order to achieve control and killing of tumors. Tumor immunotherapies include immune checkpoint blockade therapy

over-the-counter cellular immunotherapy and tumor vaccines. Among them

the tumor vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce specific immune cells or antibodies by delivering tumor cell-specific antigens thereby eliminating the tumor cells for the purpose of treating the tumor. In recent years

The field of mRNA vaccines is developing rapidly

and the required mRNA in the synthesis and preparation of the process has been developed and matured

laying a good foundation for the research of tumor mRNA vaccine. Because of the fact that mRNA is easily degraded and cannot enter the cell autonomously

this vaccine requires a suitable delivery vehicle to be successfully taken up by the cell to be effective. Therefore

the development of mRNA vaccine delivery systems has become critical for their better utilization

which is also an important part of whether mRNA vaccines can be developed and utilized for the clinical stage in the field of tumor therapy. This paper briefly introduced the immunotherapeutic methods for tumors

types of tumor vaccines and the mechanism of action and preparation methods of tumor mRNA vaccines

reviewed the research progress and related applications of mRNA vaccines and their common delivery systems in immunotherapy for tumor treatment

and summarized the tumor mRNA vaccines that entered into the phase of clinical trials with the aim of providing assistance for the research of mRNA vaccines for tumors in the future.

关键词

Keywords

references

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