Background and purpose: Clinical data show that Endostar

a recombinant human endostatin

has the therapeutic benefit for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) while combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However

the microenvironment changes induced by Endostar monotherapy in NSCLC is not yet clear. The purpose of this study was to prospectively study tumor vascular effects of Endostar monotherapy in patients wi

th locally advanced or advanced NSCLC by dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion computed tomography (CT perfusion

CT-p). Methods: Previously untreated patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed locally advanced or advanced NSCLC were eligible. All patients received daily Endostar (7.5 mg⁄m

2

) for 14 days. CT-p scans were acquired at the baseline and post-treatment. CT-p parameters

such as blood flow (BF)

blood volume (BV) and permeability surface PS (area product)

were measured in all patients. Results: Of all 7 patients enrolled

four were staged as ⅢB and three as stage Ⅳ (2 with malignant pleural effusion

1 with brain metastasis). The median BF

BV and PS values of baseline and post-treatment were 27.1/48.9 mL/100 mL/min

86.8/84.8 mL/100 mL and 45.0/54.0 mL/100 mL/min

respectively. After administration of Endostar for 14 days

BF showed a significant increase compared with that at baseline (P=0.028)

whereas no significant changes were found in BV (P=0.398) and PS (P=0.237) values. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Endostar monotherapy induces a significant increase in BF whereas no significant difference in BV and PS.