最新刊期
卷 26 ， 期 2 ， 2016
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- 摘要：Background and purpose: Adequate tissue fixation, transparent dewaxing is an important step of hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in detection of breast cancer HER-2 gene. The purpose of this study was to make a comparison between poly hydroxyl acrylic acid which is an environmentally friendly fixation liquid and 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde in tissue fixation for HE staining and FISH to detect the HER-2 gene in the breast cancer tissue sections. The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of replacing 4% buffered formaldehyde, a traditional fixation liquid, with the poly hydroxyl acrylic acid, an environmentally friendly fixation fluid. Methods: This project was performed on tissue samples collected from 69 cases of breast cancer, 41 cases of breast fibroadenoma, 40 cases of uterine leiomyoma, 25 cases of cervical tissue, 25 cases of placenta obtained from the outpatient and inpatient departments of Zhongshan Boai Hospital from Mar. 2011 to Jan. 2015, from each of which two samples were drawn and two blocks of each specimen were divided into two groups randomly. Then one group was fixed with 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde and made into 200 sections by HE while the other group was fixed with poly hydroxyl acrylic acid and made into another 200 sections. The slice level of the two groups was determined by the staining condition of the sections, and SPSS 19.0 was employed to compare the excellent and good rate of HE staining. Additional 69 sections were produced with two groups of breast invasive ductal carcinoma tissues, and SPSS 19.0 was used to detect the amplification of HER-2 gene by FISH. Results: First, the number of best-quality slices stained with HE fixed separately by poly hydroxyl acrylic acid and 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde was 155 and 166, respectively. The number of excellent pieces was 41 and 33, respectively, while the number of mediocre pieces was 3 and 1 with bad pieces being 1 and 0, respectively. The excellent and good rates of HE staining were 98% and 99.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=1.33, P>0.05).Second, the positive rates of the tissue slices by FISH fixed separately by poly hydroxyl acrylic acid and 4% neutral buffered were 26.09% and 23.19%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=0.50, P>0.05).Conclusion: The results obtained with HE staining and FISH using poly hydroxyl acrylic acid as a fixation liquid are not significantly different from those using 10% neutral buffered formaldehyde. Therefore, poly hydroxyl acrylic acid meets the requirements of environmental protection, and thus has the potential to be promoted and widely used.关键词：Poly hydroxyl acrylic acid;Formaldehyde;Tissue section;Hematoxylin eosin staining;Breast cancer;HER-2 gene;Fluorescence in situ hybridization2|2311|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: EPHA2 has been reported to enhance the proliferation of gastric cancer cells through promoting CyclinD1 expression and cell cycle progression. However, the underlying mechanism that EPHA2 promotes CyclinD1 expression and cell cycle progression is still poorly understood. Akt/mTOR signaling pathway has been reported to enhance the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by promoting CyclinD1 expression and cell cycle progression, and some studies have shown that EPHA2 can activate Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Based on this, this study investigated whether EPHA2 promoted gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell proliferation through enhancing Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Methods: Western blot was used to determine the effect of EPHA2 overexpression or knockdown on the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR in SGC-7901 cells. SGC-7901-NC infected with control lentivirus and SGC-7901-EPHA2 cells with EPHA2 overexpression were treated with DMSO, MK2206 (an Akt inhibitor) and RAD001 (a mTOR inhibitor) for different time periods, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected using the CCK8 assay. Cell cycle was detected using flow cytometry, and the expression of CyclinD1 was determined by Western blot. Results: Overexpression of EPHA2 enhanced Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in SGC-7901 cells, and silencing EPHA2 in SGC-7901 cells inhibited Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. MK2206 and RAD001 antagonized the promoting effect of EPHA2 on the proliferation, S-phase and CyclinD1 expression of SGC-7901 cells, respectively. Conclusion: EPHA2 promotes SGC-7901 cell proliferation through enhancing Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Akt inhibitor or mTOR inhibi-tor could be an effective treatment strategy for gastric cancer patients overexpressing EPHA2.关键词：EphA2;Akt/mTOR signaling pathway;Gastric cancer;SGC-7901 cell2|2169|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: More and more evidence has showed that Grb2 binding protein-2 (Gab2) is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the relationship between Gab2 and epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer is not clear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Gab2 on EMT markers and the mechanism of Gab2 on breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Methods: Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expressions of Gab2, E-cadherin and vimentin in 80 cases of breast cancer tissues, and the correlations between them were analyzed. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Gab2 in breast tissues. After MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with siRNA plasmid, wound healing assay was used to detect the invasive ability of transfected cells induced by epithelial growth factor (EGF) in vitro. Then Western blot was used to analyze the protein expressions of E-cadherin, vimentin, phosphorylated GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β) and nuclear Snail. Results: Gab2 was negatively correlated with the expression of E-cadherin and positively correlated with the expression of vimentin in breast cancer tissues (P<0.05). The expression of Gab2 in breast cancer tissues was higher than that in normal breast tissues adjacent to breast cancer. In vitro, Gab2 expression was significantly knocked down in MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with Gab2 siRNA plasmid (SiGab2/MDA-MB-231cells). Meanwhile, the invasive ability of SiGab2/MDAMB-231cells was decreased with EGF stimulation. The expression of E-cadherin was increased in SiGab2/MDA-MB-231cells. However, the expressions of vimentin, p-GSK-3β and nuclear Snail were decreased in SiGab2/MDA-MB- 231cells. Conclusion: Gab2 can promote the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer by EMT through GSK-3β/Snail signaling pathway.关键词：Breast cancer;Invasion;Grb2 binding protein-2;Epithelial-mesenchymal transition;Signaling pathway2|1767|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Thermal ablation (radiofrequency ablation, RFA/microwave ablation, MWA) is the most commonly used minimally invasive technique for the treatment of liver cancer. Real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) is a new type of ultrasonic imaging technology, which was used in our study to monitor thermal ablation of liver cancer. This study aimed to investigate the stiffness change of liver cancer and that of surrounding liver parenchyma before and after thermal ablation, and to evaluate the application of SWE for monitoring thermal ablation for liver cancer. Methods: From Oct. 2014 to Apr. 2015, a total number of 36 patients, with 39 lesions, were treated with RFA or MWA and got complete response. SWE examination was performed before and after ablation. The SWEmean, SWE-min, SWE-max, SWE-SD of lesions and the surrounding liver parenchyma were measured. Statistical analysis was made to compare the stiffness changes of liver cancer with those of the surrounding liver parenchyma before and after thermal ablation, and to determine whether there were differences between two different ablation modes. Results: Before and after ablation, the SWE-mean of lesions was (30.09±11.67) kPa vs (52.11±17.56) kPa, SWE-min was (10.46±8.22) kPa vs (20.57±11.42) kPa, SWE-max was (51.50±20.84) kPa vs (88.54±27.75) kPa, SWESD was (10.63±4.30) kPa vs (16.89±7.72) kPa; There were statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Before and after ablation, the SWE-mean of surrounding liver parenchyma was (8.84±2.82) kPa vs (8.91±2.78) kPa, SWE-min was (4.77±1.95) kPa vs (4.69±1.90) kPa, SWE-max was (13.82±3.79) kPa vs (14.34±3.97) kPa, SWE-SD was (3.24±1.32) kPa vs (3.37±1.29) kPa; There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). After ablation, the SWE-mean of RFA and MWA was (45.55±10.91) kPa vs (60.59±20.99) kPa, SWE-min was (18.95±8.86) kPa vs (25.93±10.93) kPa, SWE-max was (76.58±15.51) kPa vs (104.01±32.59) kPa, SWE-SD was (13.82±3.52) kPa vs (20.85±9.77) kPa; There were statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: SWE can quantitively analyze the stiffness of lesions. The ablation zone became stiffer after RFA or MWA, and the ablation zone of MWA was stiffer than that of RFA. Two kinds of ablation methods did not significantly affect the stiffness of liver parenchyma around the lesion. SWE could potentially be used to monitor thermal ablation of liver cancer.关键词：Real-time shear wave elastography;Liver cancer;Radiofrequency ablation;Microwave ablation4|2416|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: The pedicled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap has been a common choice of tissue flaps for head and neck reconstruction. Nowadays, with rapid advancement in microsurgery, free flaps gradually replace the pedicled flaps. However, not all patients are good candidates for reconstruction surgery using free tissue flaps. Adjacent pedicled flaps are safer and more reliable. This paper explores potential application of pedicled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in reconstruction of complex surgical defects following resection of advanced head and neck malignancies through modification of their preparation and repair method. Methods: Flap design scheme and method of preparation were modified to improve the pectoralis major muscle flap. Fifty-one patients with surgical defects from resection of head and neck malignancies received reconstruction surgery using modified pectoralis major muscle flaps. Results: Modified pectoralis major muscle flaps survived completely in 51 patients. The area of defect regained its shape and appearance after reconstruction surgery. The area of defect obtained excellent functional recovery. Postoperative functional injuries to the donor sites were minimized. Conclusion: Modification in designing and preparing method of the pectoralis major muscle flap improved repair range and distance in reconstruction of complex surgical defect following resection of head and neck malignancies. It also reduced necrosis rate of skin flaps. Postoperative donor and recipient sites regained their appearance and functions successfully. The pectoralis major muscle flap is one of the important tissue flaps used in reconstruction of surgical defect following resection of a head and neck malignancy.关键词：Head and neck cancer;Pectoralis major muscle flap;Repair and reconstruction;Surgery2|2826|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Axillary lymph node metastasis of breast cancer has an important significance in prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. This study was to investigate the correlation between axillary lymph node metastasis and ultrasonographic characteristics of axillary lymph node combined with immunohistochemistry in breast cancer patients. Methods: A total number of 366 breast cancer patients were selected in this study. Seven hundred and twenty-eight axillary lymph nodes were collected. With ultrasonography, the maximum cortex thickness, the ratio of the height to the length, the ratio of the cortex to the medulla and blood flow of axillary lymph nodes were observed, in order to study the correlation between these indicators and axillary lymph node metastasis combined with the postoperative immunohistochemical results. Results: According to univariate analysis, axillary lymph node maximum cortex thickness, the ratio of the height to the length, characteristics of blood flow and the positive expression rate of p53 were related to axillary lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that axillary lymph node maximum cortex thickness was the best indicator to determine axillary lymph node metastasis. The positive expression rate of p53 in patients with maximum cortex thickness >3 mm (42.78%) of axillary lymph node was significantly higher than that in patients with maximum cortex thickness ≤3 mm (25.82%) (P<0.01). Conclusion: Ultrasonographic characteristics of axillary lymph node and immunohistochemistry method are closely correlated with axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer, which is important in diagnostic and treatment in clinic.关键词：Breast cancer;Axillary lymph node metastasis;Ultrasound;Immunohistochemistry2|3106|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most important therapeutic tools for esophageal cancer. Because tumors are heterogeneous, including for 18F-FDG uptake and, most likely, for radioresistance, selective boosting of high FDG uptake zones within the tumor has been suggested. Therefore, it is critical to know whether the location of these high FDG uptake patterns within the tumor remains stable during RT. Methods: Twenty-two patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with concurrent chemo-radiation underwent repeated 18F-FDG PET-CT scans before RT and after 20 fractions of RT. On all scans, the high and low FDG uptake regions were auto-delineated using several standard uptake value (SUV) thresholds, varying from 40% to 70% of SUVmax on the pretreatment scan [gross tumor volume (GTV)40%pre, GTV50%pre, GTV60%pre, GTV70%pre] and from 70% to 90% of SUVmax on the dur-treatment scan (GTV70%dur, GTV80%dur, GTV90%dur) and fixed thresholds of 2.5 and 5 (GTV2.5pre, GTV5pre). The volumes and overlap fractions (OF) of these delineations were calculated to demonstrate the stability of the high FDG uptake regions during RT. Results: The high uptake regions within the tumor during RT largely corresponded (OF>70%) with the 50% SUVmax high FDG uptake area (GTV50%pre) of the pretreatment scan. The hotspot within the residual area (GTV90%dur) was completely within the GTV and pre-radiotherapy high uptake regions (OF=100%). Although the location of the high FDG uptake patterns within the tumor during RT remained stable, the delineated volumes varied markedly. Conclusion: The location of the high FDG uptake areas within the tumor remained stable during RT. This knowledge may enable selective boosting of high FDG uptake areas within the tumor.关键词：Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma;Radiotherapy;PET-CT2|2152|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: The most clearly recognized benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is that it can increase the proportion of patients who can be treated with breast-conserving therapy (BCT). However, the shrinkage modes of the primary breast tumor after NAC have been confirmed as a predictor of BCT rate and prognosis. This study is to evaluate the accuracy of MRI predicting the shrinkage mode of the primary breast tumor after NAC with three-dimensional reconstruction technique. Methods: Sixty-one women with pathologically proven solitary invasive ductal carcinoma (ⅡA-ⅢC) were recruited. Breast specimens were prepared with PMSS, and residual tumors were microscopically outlined, scanned and registered by PHOTOSHOP software. The 3D model of residual tumors was reconstructed with 3D-DOCTOR software based on pathology and MRI imaging characteristics to evaluate the shrinkage mode. We devided the pathological shrinkage modes into surgical pCR (no residual tumors), solitary lesions without surrounding lesions, multinodular lesions, solitary lesions with adjacent spotty lesions and diffuse lesions. Further, the clinical-pathological shrinkage modes were divided into 2 categories: distinct shrinkage mode (DSM, the longest diameter of the pathological residual tumors was less than 50% and ≤2 cm in comparison with the primary tumor before NAC) and non-distinct shrinkage mode (NDSM, the longest diameter of the pathological residual tumors was more than 50% and/or >2 cm in comparison with the primary tumor before NAC). Results: The surgical pCR, solitary lesions without surrounding lesions, multinodular lesions, solitary lesions with adjacent spotty lesions and diffuse lesions were observed in 23, 17, 5, 9, 7 and 18, 3, 13, 20, 7 patients by MRI and pathology, respectively (P=0.001). The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of MRI for predicting pathological shrinkage modes were 86.2%, 65.6% and 91.4%, respectively. The DSM was observed in 36 (59.0%) patients by pathology, and 38 (62.3%) patients by MRI. Two methods had a high consistency in clinical-pathological shrinkage modes (κ=0.863, P=0.000). The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of MRI for predicting clinical-pathological shrinkage modes were 91.0%, 64.0% and 94.8%, respectively. There was not a statistic difference in prediction between DSM and NDSM by MRI (P>0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed an AUC of 0.928 (P=0.000) for MRI to predict the clinical-pathological shrinkage mode. Conclusion: Three-dimensional MRI reconstruction after NAC could simulate and predict spatial location of residual tumors, and can be helpful in selecting patients who received BCT after NAC with tumor downstaging.关键词：Breast cancer;Shrinkage mode;Neoadjuvant chemotherapy;Three-dimensional reconstruction;MRI2|1656|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Liver cancer resection and splenectomy are the main methods to treat hepatocellular carcinoma and hypersplenism. The aim of this study was to discuss the safety and feasibility of simultaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma with hypersplenism. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic hypersplenism underwent RFA and LS. The clinical data were also analyzed. Results: The surgery was converted to an open surgery in 1 patient, while laparoscopic splenectomy in a hand-assisted manner was performed in 2 patients. There were 31 liver tumors treated with RFA. Blood loss were 110-900 mL (mean=320 mL). Operation time were 72-127 min (mean=107 min). Subcutaneous emphysema occurred in 1 patient, and pancreatic leakage in another patient. Nine patients developed ascites. one patient suffered from massive haemorrhage, and emergency operation was adopted to stop bleeding. This patient recovered well after operation. No death was found during the hospitalization. Conclusion: Combining RFA with LS for the treatment of liver cancer and hypersplenism is minimally invasive, safe, and feasible.关键词：Small hepatocellular carcinoma;Contrast-enhanced ultrasound;Laparoscopic splenectomy;Radiofrequency ablation2|1986|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Colorectal cancer remains a major threat to people’s health around the world. Researchers have paid more and more attention to colorectal cancer epigenetics. From two main aspects of colorectal cancer epigenetics: DNA methylation and histone modification, this article analyzes the similarities and differences between patients with colorectal cancer in Eastern and Western countries. This review briefly introduces epigenetic modification of genes that were used to be biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Although there are some common features of colorectal cancer in the world, analysis has showed that some obvious epigenetic differences do exist in different races. For example, it had been confirmed in the studies that there are differences in specific gene methylation, histone modification sites and the degree of methylation and acetylation among countries, which provide the basis for specific diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer in different ethnic groups. With improved research methods and increased sample size, more and more special molecular targets of colorectal cancer tissues will be found, and then personalized therapy for colorectal cancer can be achieved.关键词：Colorectal neoplasms;Epigenesis;Genetics;DNA methylation2|1983|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Therapeutic strategies targeting tumor angiogenesis have been approved for cancer therapy. Vasculature normalization induced by anti-angiogenic drugs can restore abnormal tumor vessels, and improve the tumor microenvironment characterized by hypoxia, extracellular acidosis, and high interstitial fluid pressure, improve the cancer treatment results by chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy.关键词：Anti-angiogenesis therapy;Vascular normalization;Improvement;Cancer treatment2|4397|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 关键词：Bilateral primary breast cancer;Synchronous;Metachronous;Time interval2|1763|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 关键词：Mediastinal type lung cancer;Squamous cell carcinoma;Left breast;Metastasis2|1953|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 关键词：Eribulin;Capillary leak syndrome;Breast carcinoma2|2358|0更新时间：2025-12-31
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