最新刊期
卷 26 ， 期 5 ， 2016
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- 摘要：Nipple-areola complex-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is a surgical procedure that allows the preservation of the skin and nipple-areola complex (NAC) in mastectomy. The use of NSM for breast cancer is still controversial. The appropriate standard for selecting patients with low risk of NAC involvement has not been well established. The clinicopathologicity characteristics of primary tumor (e.g., tumor-to-nipple distance, tumor location, tumor size, multicentricity, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, grade, HER-2 status) have been reported to be associated with NAC involvement. Clinical evaluation of NAC, retroareolar tissue biopsy and evaluation of clinicopathologic characteristics of primary tumor are helpful to patient selection in current clinical practice of NSM. Further studies are still needed to establish uniform selection criteria for NSM in breast cancer patients.关键词：Breast cancer;Nipple-areola complex-sparing mastectomy;Nipple-areola complex;Pathology2|2195|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：With the development of surgical techniques, the use of nipple-areola complex (NAC)-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has been increasing. Except for oncologic safety, the aesthetic outcome of surgery is greatly concerned by clinicians and patients. So far, there has been no consensus on the incision of NSM. This article reviewed the literature so as to provide some evidence for the selection of NSM incision.关键词：Breast cancer;Nipple-areola complex-sparing mastectomy;Surgery;Complication2|3537|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Nipple-areola complex (NAC)-sparing mastectomies (NSM) have gained acceptance in the field of breast oncology. The superior aesthetic outcomes of NSM explain their increased use and rising popularity. Technical considerations and challenges of this procedure are centered on nipple ischemia and necrosis. Patient selection, reconstructive strategies and incision placement have lowered ischemic complication rates. An understanding of the NAC vascular anatomy is, therefore, clinically relevant beyond NSM. In this paper, the relevant clinical anatomy is described, mainly focusing on the anatomy of the NAC. This article also covers how to identify and classify the in vivo blood supply to the NAC using breast MRI exams which provide valuable information for assessing vascular anatomy of the NAC. This includes the arterial filling phase, venous drainage phase and 3-dimensional reconstructed maximum intensity projection (MIP) images. Finally, the indocyanine green (ICG) and a specialized infrared camera-computer system provide surgeons with a practical tool to assess real-time breast skin and NAC perfusion. Intraoperative evaluation of skin perfusion allows surgeons to detect ischemia and modify the operative approach to reduce the risk of nipple ischemia and necrosis.关键词：Nipple-areolar complex;Nipple-areola complex-sparing mastectomy;Perfusion;Nipple ischemia and necrosis2|2433|0更新时间：2025-12-31
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The role of radiotherapy in nipple-areola complex-sparing mastectomy for patients with breast cancer
摘要：The technique of nipple-areola complex (NAC)-sparing mastectomy (NSM) facilitates the breast reconstruction due to preserving the skin and NAC of breast in the treatment of breast cancer. Key issues still remain controversial in NSM, in terms of the role of radiotherapy combined with NSM and sequence of radiotherapy and NSM, which arise from the consideration of the oncology safety. Some investigations addressed that post-NSM external beam irradiation and intra-operative radiotherapy (IORT) combined with NSM could reduce the local recurrence rate. Based on the appropriate patient selection and god quality of surgery, radiotherapy would be applied in different strategies of combination with NSM according to the risk of local recurrence of the cancer.关键词：Breast cancer;Nipple-areola complex-sparing mastectomy;Radiotherapy2|2018|0更新时间：2025-12-31 - 摘要：Background and purpose: Perioperative anesthetic management is thought to be critical to the success of free flap breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to discuss intraoperative fluid, hemodynamic and temperature management in patients undergoing deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction. Methods: From Jun. 2011 to Dec. 2015, 126 patients underwent DIEP flap breast reconstruction. Postoperative complications were reviewed. Intraoperative fluid infusion rate was analyzed. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and core temperature were measured before induction (T0), after flap elevation but before flap transfer (T1), 15 min after flap revascularization (T2), and at the end of surgery (T3). Results: Nine patients developed flap compromised: 7 were salvaged and 2 failed. The mean intraoperative fluid infusion rate was (5.44±1.66) (mL•kg-1)/h. MAP at T0, T1, T2 and T3 were (87.45±8.90), (74.19±8.63), (74.60±8.71) and (79.62±7.88) mmHg, respectively. Core temperature at T0, T1, T2 and T3 were (36.69±0.14), (36.36±0.18), (36.27±0.14) and (36.21±0.15) ℃, respectively. Conclusion: Standard practice focusing on intraoperative fluid management, hemodynamic adjustment and temperature control in microsurgical reconstruction of the breast should be established to further improve free flap outcome.关键词：Breast reconstruction;Free flap;Intraoperative fluid management;Mean arterial blood pressure;Core temperature2|2094|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Icariin (ICA) is the important active flavonoids extracted from Berberidaceae epimedium. It has been shown to be effective in suppressing cancers including lung cancer and gastric cancer. Thus, it is expected to be developed for cancer treatment. However, there were few studies on icariin as a promising anticancer drug for the treatment of thyroid cancer. The mechanisms underlying anticancer effects of ICA in thyroid cancer are rarely reported. This study was to explore the proliferation and apoptosis, intracellular ROS and antioxidant enzyme systems of the thyroid carcinoma cell line B-CPAP treated with different concentrations of ICA. It aimed to explore the mechanism underlying anticancer effects of ICA, and to determine whether it is concentrationor time-dependent manner. Methods: The proliferation of B-CPAP cell line treated with different concentrations of ICA was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The cell apoptosis and intracellular ROS were observed by flow cytometry. The expression of intracellular superoxide dismutase and intracellular malondialdehyde were measured by SOD detection kit and MDA assay kit, respectively. Bcl-2 and γ-HA2X were detected by Western blot. Results: ICA reduced B-CPAP cell activity, increased the rate of apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner after 48 h (P<0.01). The ROS of ICA 50 mg/L and 200 mg/L groups were (2.12±0.14)-fold and (2.41±0.12)-fold of the control group, respectively. ICA promoted accumulation of malondialdehyde, and reduced antioxidant enzyme SOD activity. The SOD activity was decreased by (9.35±1.45)% (ICA 50 mg/L group) and (21.5±1.52)% (ICA 200 mg/L group) compared with the control group, respectively. The anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in ICA 200 mg/L group was decreased by (13.64±1.71)% compared with the control group. Conclusion: Icariin inhibited activity of thyroid cancer B-CPAP cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It plays an important role in promoting intracellular ROS expression, inhibiting superoxide dismutase expression and decreasing Bcl-2, which leads to irreversible damage to the cell, thereby inducing apoptosis.关键词：Icariin;Thyroid carcinoma;Reactive oxygen species;Superoxide dismutase4|1356|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Although cisplatin-based chemotherapies are used as the first-line treatment for ovarian cancers, the majority of patients eventually progress with platinum-resistant disease. miR-483-5p is overexpressed in lung cancer. However, the research on miR-483-5p in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of miR-483-5p in EOC and its effects on cisplatin resistance in EOC cells. Methods: This study analyzed the expression of the miR-483-5p by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) in EOC tissues, normal ovarian tissues, and EOC cells. The role of miR-483-5p in EOC was evaluated in vitro by lentivirus-mediated knockdown of miR-483-5p or overexpression of miR-483-5p in EOC cell lines. Drug sensitivity assay was carried out by CCK-8 kit. Results: miR-483-5p was upregulated in EOC tissues as compared with normal tissues (P<0.01). Furthermore, miR-483-5p expression in advanced stage (Ⅲ–Ⅳ) EOC was significantly higher than that in early stage (Ⅰ–Ⅱ) EOC (P<0.05). Interestingly, miR-483-5p expression was higher in cisplatin-resistant A2780/CP cells than other cells. Increased miR-483-5p expression caused EOC cell resistance to cisplatin and downregulated the expression of p21 and Bcl-2, whereas reduced miR-483-5p expression induced its sensitivity and upregulated the expression of p21 and Bcl-2. Conclusion: The results suggest that miR-483-5p is highly expressed in EOC and contributes to cisplatin resistance. Thus, miR-483-5p is a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.关键词：Epithelial ovarian cancer;miR-483-5p;Cisplatin;Drug resistance4|1655|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: KIT mutation plays an important role during the pathogenesis of melanoma. This study was designed to investigate the mutation status of KIT in different subtypes of melanoma. Methods: A total number of 144 cases of melanoma were analyzed for KIT mutation (exon 9, 11, 13 and 17) by DNA sequencing using paraffin-embedded tissues. Results: The total incidence of KIT mutation in melanoma was 9.0% (13/144). KIT mutations in acral melanoma, mucosal melanoma, melanoma on skin with chronic sun-induced damage (CSD) and melanoma on skin without chronic sun-induced damage (non-CSD) was 7.7% (4/52), 20% (7/35), 14.3% (1/7) and 2.8% (1/36), respectively. Among 13 cases with KIT mutation, 1 mutation lay in exon 9, 9 lay in exon 11 and 3 in exon 13. L576P in exon 11 was the most common type of mutation. Conclusion: The most prevalent type of KIT mutation in patients lies in exon 11. KIT mutation could be the potential drug target in melanoma therapy.关键词：KIT;gene mutation;Melanoma2|2887|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is currently the focus of breast cancer research. Researches demonstrated that the molecular biological characteristics of different ethnic groups are not the same. This study mainly probed into the expression of endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Han and Uygur TNBC patients, and the relationship between the expression and prognosis of patients. Methods: From Jan. 2007 to Jan. 2009, 167 patients were admitted. Among those, 121 were Han and 46 were Uygur patients. The expressions of EGFR, and VEGF were detected by PV-9000 immunohistochemical staining, and compared with lymph node metastasis and clinical staging. The results were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 statistical software. Results: Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) of two groups had no indifferent (P>0.05). EGFR and VEGF positive rate of Han patients was lower than that of Uygur patients (P<0.05). Their expressions were correlated with TNM staging and lymph node metastasis (0<r<1, P<0.05). Conclusion: This study found that the EGFR and VEGF expression rate which was unfavorable to prognosis of TNBC patients was lower in the Uygur group than that in the Han group. However, no significant difference in 5-year DFS was found between the two groups (P>0.05). Uygur TNBC patients might have a different prognostic factor as compared with Han patients. Further studies need to be carried out.关键词：Endothelial growth factor receptor;Vascular endothelial growth factor;Han;Uygur;Triple-negative breast cancer2|1704|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Stromal tumor is one of the common gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors. There is certain understanding about the typical cases. However, the diagnosis of those occurring in rare location or with rare imaging findings is often difficult. This research summarized this kind of cases, in order to increase the radiological knowledge of the disease. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed clinical, radiological and pathological data from 550 patients who had stromal tumor confirmed by pathology in our hospital. Those with incomplete data were eliminated. Forty-nine patients were selected for further study according to the typical imaging findings. Results: Among these 49 patients, 9 were pathologically confirmed to have extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor, while 40 patients had gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Among the patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 22 were found in rare locations, 12 in retroperitoneal space, 3 in omentum majus and mesenterium, 5 in esophagus, and 2 in prostate. Obvious cystic degeneration was found in 16 patients. Bulky calcification, such as flake or annulus, was found in 7 patients. The analysis result of risk-stratification showed 19 patients were confirmed as high-grade among the patients with tumors found in rare locations, 15 as high grade among those with obvious cystic degeneration, and 7 as high-grade among those with extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Conclusion: Rare stromal tumor often occurs in the locations, such as retroperitoneal space, omentum majus and mesenterium. Obvious cystic degeneration and bulky calcification can be seen. The risk-stratification of these patients often showed high-grade. Comprehensively analyzing its clinical features and imaging findings can help improve the diagnostic accuracy.关键词：Stromal tumor;CT;MRI2|2488|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Incidence and mortality of gastric cancer have increased gradually in China. Population-based cancer survival rate can reflect improvements in cancer diagnosis and treatment, as well as provide evidence for gastric cancer prevention and control. Methods: Data from gastric cancer incidence and followup between 2002 and 2006 were collected by the Shanghai Cancer Registry. Life table and Ederer Ⅱ were used to calculate observed survival (OS) and relative survival (RS). Results: A total number of 28 243 gastric cancer cases were documented between 2002 and 2006 in Shanghai. The 5-year OS and RS of gastric cancer were 32.15% and 45.81%, respectively. Survival rates of gastric cancer varied by age, residence, diagnostic stage, and tumor histological type, but not by gender. Patients aged 35-44 years who were diagnosed at stage Ⅰ or with tubular adenocarcinoma, had the highest survival rates. Moreover, patients in rural areas had higher 5-year OS than those in urban areas. During the period 2002-2006, both 5-year OS and RS of gastric cancer increased dramatically, as compared with 1972-1976. Conclusion: Survival rates of gastric cancer varied by age, residence, diagnostic stage, and tumor histological type. The 5-year OS and RS significantly increased in Shanghai over the past three decades, but are still far below developed countries. Early diagnosis of gastric cancer would be an effective strategy to improve survival and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.关键词：Gastric cancer;Survival rate;Observed survival;Relative survival rate2|3860|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: With lifestyle shifts, incidence and mortality patterns for cancers have changed. In order to provide scientific basis for the government to control the diseases, this study investigated the cancer mortality among residents of Rugao city for the period 2008 through 2012. Methods: The epidemiological study of cancer mortality rates among residents of Rugao city was carried out. The results were analyzed with Excel and SPSS software. Results: Cancer was the leading cause of death. The crude mortality rate was 264.55/100 000 and the SMR (standardized mortality ratio) was 155.04/100 000. The mortality of cancer was higher in the male than in the female patients. The top 5 causes of cancer death among residents of Rugao city were esophageal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and pancreatic cancer for the period 2008 through 2012. Pancreatic cancer and colon, rectum and anus cancer were the fifth and sixth leading causes of cancer death in both male and female, respectively. Nervous system tumor was the eight leading cause of cancer death, whereas osteosarcoma was the tenth. Prostate cancer was the ninth leading cause of cancer death in men. The mortality of cancer was significantly higher in the elderly group than in any other age group. The most common causes of cancer death in adolescents and young adults were leukemia, nervous system tumor and osteosarcoma. The top five of potential years of life lost (PYLL) were liver cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer and leukemia. The top five of average years of life lost (AYLL) were leukemia, nervous system tumor, liver cancer, breast cancer and osteosarcoma. Conclusion: Cancer has been the major cause of death in residents of Rugao city. The mortality of cancer was higher in the male than in the female. Cancer mortality was also higher in the elderly group than in any other age group. Pancreatic cancer was the fifth leading cause of cancer death. Researchers should raise awareness of cancer prevention in the residents. Treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer, nervous system tumor and osteosarcoma should be emphasized in the prevention of the most common types of cancer. Besides, researchers should focus on early diagnosis, early treatment of cancer and screening of high-risk groups to improve the quality of life of cancer patients.关键词：Cancer;Mortality rate;Potential years of life lost;Average years of life lost2|1915|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic factors in uterine adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma treated with a combination of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery. Methods: Clinicopathologic data from 50 patients with stageⅠB2-ⅡA2 uterine cervical cancer were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between Apr. 2005 and Oct. 2011. All patients underwent neoajuvant chemoradiotherapy, followed by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Before surgery, an intravenous chemotherapy was given. A particular vaginal brachytherapy was given to those with tumor diameter ≥6 cm. The survival and recurrence in patients were analyzed retrospectively to investigate the prognostic factors. Results: In 50 patients with ⅠB2-ⅡA2 uterine adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma, 15 died during the follow-up period. The 2-year and 5-year progression-free survival rates were 80.12% and 72.24%, respectively, and median progression-free survival was 68 months. The 2-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 95.38% and 73.56%, respectively, and median overall survival was 80 months. Univariate analysis revealed that pelvic lymph node metastasis, cervical stromal invasion, parametrial infiltration, tumor diameter reduction <3 cm and advanced stage were the prognostic factors in patients with cervical cancer (P<0.05). Age, postoperative radiochemotherapy, lymphatic clearance involvement, FIGO stage, preservation of ovary and pathologic type were not associated with prognosis (P>0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional analysis revealed that pelvic lymph node metastasis and tumor diameter reduction after radiation and chemotherapy were the independent prognostic factors in patients with cervical cancer. Conclusion: The combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery improves the resectable rate of patients with ⅠB2-ⅡA2 uterine adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma. Pelvic lymph node metastasis and tumor diameter reduction after radiation and chemotherapy are the independent prognostic factors in patients with cervical cancer.关键词：Cervical cancer;Neoadjuvant chemotherapy;Hysterectomy;Prognosis2|2312|0更新时间：2025-12-31
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Value of99mTcO4-and99mTc-MIBI imaging with ultrasound scoring method in diagnosis of thyroid nodules
摘要：Background and purpose: At present, color Doppler ultrasound scoring and radionuclide imaging are two important imaging methods for diagnosing thyroid nodules, but their checking principle is different. Which method is better? Or combining them will be the best method for diagnosing thyroid nodules? This study aimed to compare the value of 99mTcO4- combined with 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) imaging, ultrasound scoring method and ultrasound scoring method+99mTcO4-+99mTc-MIBI imaging in diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Methods: The results of ultrasound scoring method and 99mTcO4- combined with 99mTc-MIBI imaging were compared in 50 patients with 54 thyroid nodules, and then compared with pathological findings. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the methods were calculated. Results: A total of 54 thyroid nodules were found pathologically including 20 malignant and 34 benign nodules. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of 99mTcO4- combined with 99mTc-MIBI imaging were 80.00% (16/20), 70.59% (24/34), 74.07% (40/54), 61.54% (16/26), 85.71% (24/28), re-spectively. Those of ultrasound scoring method were 80.00% (16/20), 88.24% (30/34), 85.16% (46/54), 80.00% (16/20), 88.24% (30/34), respectively. And those of ultrasound scoring method+99mTcO4-+99mTc-MIBI imaging were 100.00% (20/20), 64.71% (22/34), 77.78% (42/54), 62.50% (20/32), 100.00% (22/22), respectively. The sensitivity of ultrasound scoring method+99mTcO4-+99mTc-MIBI imaging was higher than ultrasound scoring method or 99mTcO4-+99mTc-MIBI imaging along (100.00% vs 80.00%, 100.00% vs 80.00%, χ２ value was 4.444 4 and 4.444 4, P value was 0.035 0 and 0.035 0, respectively). The specificity of ultrasound scoring method was higher than those of two methods combined together (88.24% vs 64.71%, χ２ value was 5.230 8, P value was 0.022 2). However, no factorial negative thyroid nodule was found by ultrasound scoring method+99mTcO4-+99mTc-MIBI imaging. Conclusion: Ultrasound scoring method+99mTcO4-+99mTc-MIBI imaging can offer comprehensive diagnosis of thyroid nodules from their structure and function to avoid missed diagnosis.关键词：Thyroid nodule;Radionuclide imaging;Technetium;Ultrasonography;Scoring2|2929|0更新时间：2025-12-31 - 摘要：Background and purpose: Adrenal schwannoma is extremely rare, mostly benign, lack of special characteristics in clinical and imaging presentation. The aim of this study was to analyze the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of adrenal schwannoma, in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Methods: The CT and MRI features of 8 patients with pathology-proven adrenal schwannoma were reviewed. Among the 8 patients, 4 patients underwent CT scanning, 3 patients underwent MR scanning, 1 patient underwent both CT and MR scanning. Results: The tumors were located at the left adrenal in 5 cases and at the right in 3 cases. Tumors showed no signs of endocrine activity in all cases. All tumors were well-circumscribed, oval or lobulated masses, 2 cases with calcification, 5 cases with cystic change, 2 cases with intratumoral hemorrhage. CT or MR enhancement showed moderate, heterogeneously delayed enhancement in 7 cases with enhanced capsule. Four cases showed rabbit tail sign. Conclusion: The imaging and pathological features of adrenal schwannoma have certain characteristics. The CT and MRI features, such as intact capsule, cystic degeneration, rabbit tail sign, calcification and progressive enhancement, are helpful to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of adrenal schwannoma.关键词：Adrenal schwannoma;Tomography;X-ray computed;Magnetic resonance imaging2|1897|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: When the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) receive radiotherapy, their thyroids are inevitably involved. As a result, thyroid damage occurs. This study aimed to explore the effects of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) on dynamics of thyroid blood flow in patients with NPC. Methods: A total number of 68 patients with NPC were enrolled in the study who received primary treatment of radical radiation and chemotherapy from Jul. 2012 to Oct. 2013. And the TMN stage was from Ⅱ to Ⅳc according to UICC 2010. The treatment method consisted of 2 cycles of TPF induction treatment, concurrent radiation therapy (IMRT) with 2 cycles of DDP and 2 cycles of adjuvant therapy sequentially. Before radiotherapy, at the end of radiotherapy, 3 and 6 months after radiotherapy, serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations of all cases were detected by electrochemiluminescence. The highest systolic velocity, mean velocity, minimum diastolic velocity, resistance index, and the value of all thyroid diameter lines were measured by type-B ultrasound. Results: All the patients were followed up for 6 months. Hypothyroidism: the incidence of immediate clinical hypothyroidism after radiotherapy was 5.9%; 3 months later, the incidence was 13.2%; and 6 months later, the incidence was 26.5%. The difference in volume change between before radiotherapy and at the end of radiotherapy had no statistical significance (P>0.05). The difference in volume change between 3 and 6 months after radiotherapy had statistical significance (P<0.05). The difference in FT3, FT4 and FSH between the end of radiotherapy and before radiotherapy had no statistical significance, while there was statistically significant difference between at the end of radiotherapy and 3 months after radiotherapy. The thyroid volume correlated with the average dose at the end of radiotherapy, 3 and 6 months after radiotherapy as shown by the single factor correlation analysis (P<0.05). The results of sinlge factor correlation analysis also showed that the occurrence of hypothyroidism correlated with thyroid dose-volume parameter V40 at the end of radiotherapy (P<0.05). The correlation between hypothyroidism and the average dose on thyroid 6 months after radiotherapy was demonstrated by independent t test (P<0.05). Hypothyroidism had no correlation with thyroid artery systolic maximum velocity and resistance index at the end of radiotherapy, 3 and 6 months after radiotherapy (P>0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of hypothyroidism may increase with time after radiotherapy. The volume may decrease with the increased dose of radiotherapy and the follow-up time. The patients with NPC after radiotherapy should be tested for thyroid lesions routinely. The thyroid dose-volume parameter V40 may be a predictor for acute radioactive thyroid lesions. The study did not reveal temporarily that hypothyroidism was associated with thyroid ultrasound blood flow velocity.关键词：Radio therapy;Nasopharyngeal carcinoma;Thyroid hormone;Hypothyroidism;B-ultrasound2|2496|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Radiotherapy and endocrine therapy are both important parts of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, yet few studies have been conducted focusing on the interaction between radiation and endocrine therapy. Up to now, no conclusion has been drawn on the timing sequence of adjuvant radiation and endocrine therapy, which is indeed crucial in clinical practice. This study intended primarily to investigate the effect of concurrent or sequential exemestane combined with radiation on radiosensitivity of MCF-7 cells and its possible mechanism, and further to provide rationale for optimal clinical treatment modality. Methods: MCF-7 cells were arranged into three trial groups: the radiation group, exemestane sequenced with radiation group and exemestane followed radiation group. Radiosensitivity was evaluated by clonogenic assay, cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay, the ability to induce cell apoptosis was evaluated by DAPI staining assay, the changes of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blot. Results: Sensitive enhancement ratios (SER) were 1.51 and 1.37 in the exemestane sequenced with radiation group and exemestane followed radiation group, respectively. Compared with the radiation group, the percentage of cellular proliferation inhibition and apoptosis increased obviously in the exemestane sequenced with radiation group and exemestane followed radiation group. Exemestane combined with radiation made the Bax protein increase obviously and the Bcl-2 protein lowered significantly. Conclusion: Exemestane can enhance the radiosensitivity of MCF-7 cells, whose mechanism might be relevant to the promotion of cellular apoptosis. However, the treatment sequence does not affect the outcome.关键词：Exemestane;MCF-7 cell;Radiosensitivity2|1629|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) has a high incidence of early recurrence and metastasis after operation. The prognosis of AEG is poor. However, few studies have investigated the recurrence of AEG. The purpose of this study was to clarify the important clinical pathological factors affecting the early recurrence of Ⅰ, Ⅱ type of AEG after operation. Thus more active treatment for patients at high risk of recurrence may improve the prognosis. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the clinical data from 145 AEG patients who underwent R0 resection during the period from Dec. 2008 to Dec. 2012. Risk factors associated with the early recurrence were analyzed. Results: The mean time to tumor recurrence was 25.4 months after R0 resection, and the 1-year recurrence rate was 38.6%. Univariate analysis showed that the histological grade (degree of tumor differentiation), number of positive lymph nodes, TNM stage and vascular invasion were significantly related with the early recurrence (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that only histological grade and vascular invasion were independently related with early tumor recurrence (P<0.05). Conclusion: Histological grade and vascular invasion are independent risk factors for predicting the early tumor recurrence after R0 resection for AEG.关键词：Adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction;Tumor recurrence;Risk factor2|2654|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Background and purpose: The radiation should move at the same direction in accordance with the position of the couch during radiotherapy due to the different location of gross target volume. However, under the condition of the long distance movement of the couch, collisions between the gantry and the couch (or the patients) may happen. To avoid the collisions between the gantry and the couch, the motion area confliction between the gantry and the couch was analyzed. Methods: The distance from isocenter to the surface center of linear accelerator head, and the width and the thickness of treatment bed were measured when the treatment bed was empty, and gantry and collimator were at zero position. Forty sets of bed movement data were collected. The sum of squares of X-and Y-coordinates of reference point was calculated and compared with squares of rotation radius. Then, it was anticipated whether the linear accelerator head will collide with treatment bed. Finally, practical verification was made. Results: Whether linear accelerator head collides with treatment bed depends on the difference between the sum of squares of X-and Y-coordinates and the squares of rotation radius. No collisions will happen when the sum of squares of X-and Y-coordinates is less than that of the squares of rotation radius. Conclusion: It is feasible to avoid collisions of linear accelerator head with treatment bed by comparing the sum of squares of X-and Y-coordinates of reference point with squares of rotation radius.关键词：Standard equation of circle;Radiotherapy;Collision;Gantry;Couch2|2025|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by poor survival and lack of targeted therapeutics. In recent years, androgen receptor (AR) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the genesis and development of TNBC. There has been increased interest in the role of AR in TNBC and AR-targeting has been introduced as a novel therapeutic option for TNBC. This review offers an overview of the relationship between AR expression and TNBC, and provides insights into the novel drugs in the development for targeting this signaling pathway.关键词：Triple-negative breast cancer;Androgen receptor;Expression2|3741|0更新时间：2025-12-31
- 摘要：Endocrine therapy targeting estrogen pathway is one of the first-line treatment choices of advanced breast cancer. Fulvestrant is a pure estrogen antagonist that blocks and downgrades estrogen receptor, which makes it effective in the treatment of progression after prior endocrine therapy. Fulvestrant 250 mg per month regime was approved for postmenopausal women with hormone-positive advanced breast cancer after progression or recurrence on antiestrogen therapy. Fulvestrant 500 mg per month regime was approved by the EMA and the US FDA in the same population based on the CONFIRM trial which proved improved efficacy and similar tolerance compared with 250 mg regime. Recent trials were focused in the first-line treatment and combination use with other therapeutics. This review discusses the advances of fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with hormone-positive advanced breast cancer.关键词：Fulvestrant;Postmenopausal women;Hormone receptor positive;Advanced breast cancer3|3336|0更新时间：2025-12-31
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