关键词: 结直肠癌, 早筛, 早诊, 早治

Abstract:

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in China. At present, the incidence rate and the mortality rate of colorectal cancer in China are on the rise. Among all malignant tumors in China, the incidence rate of colorectal cancer ranks second, and the mortality rate ranks fourth. It has become a public health problem that seriously threatens our health. A large number of studies and practice have shown that colorectal cancer screening, early diagnosis and treatment are effective measures to reduce the mortality rate of colorectal cancer in the population. Since 2013, Shanghai has continued to carry out community colorectal cancer screening, which greatly extends the survival period of colorectal cancer patients by early detection of precancerous lesions, reducing the risk of disease, early diagnosis of colorectal cancer and timely treatment. At the same time, the standardized diagnosis and treatment level of major hospitals in Shanghai is relatively high, and the 5-year survival rate of colorectal cancer patients is also relatively high, even exceeding that of the developed countries in Europe and America. However, due to regional differences and uneven economic development, most regions in China have not yet carried out colorectal cancer-related prevention and treatment projects. At the same time, due to the lack of clinical service capacity of primary hospitals, the low early diagnosis and early treatment rates have become a bottleneck restricting the further improvement of the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients in China. In response to the current situation of insufficient clinical service capabilities in primary hospitals in terms of colorectal cancer-related knowledge, risk prevention knowledge, common screening methods, standardized diagnosis, treatment knowledge, etc., the Colorectal Cancer Special Committee of Shanghai Anti-Cancer Association organized colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment experts from major hospitals in Shanghai to jointly compile the “Shanghai plan for early screening, diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (2023 edition)”. The plan introduced the epidemiology of colorectal cancer, risk factors and protective factors of colorectal cancer, precancerous lesions of colorectal cancer and early colorectal cancer, screening of colorectal cancer, diagnosis of early colorectal cancer and treatment of early colorectal cancer, and provided relevant suggestions for clinical reference. The protocol aimed to standardize the screening, early diagnosis and early treatment practice of colorectal cancer, and improve the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer in China. Early screening, diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer are keys to improving patient survival rates and prognosis. Currently, although there are various screening methods for colorectal cancer, there are still problems of insufficient sensitivity and specificity. At the same time, in many hospitals across the country, there are also problems of standardization in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Therefore, in the future, in addition to developing more efficient screening methods, improving the accuracy of early diagnosis and exploring safer and more effective treatment methods, the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer also requires providing assistance to primary hospitals in diagnosis and treatment, emphasizing the standardization of colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment, improving the diagnosis and treatment level of primary doctors, enhancing the diagnosis and treatment abilityies of primary hospitals and finally strengthening public health education to improve public awareness of colorectal cancer and prevention.

Key words: Colorectal cancer, Early screening, Early diagnosis, Early treatment