Abstract: Along with the extensive understanding of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), its distinct molecular genotype and signaling pathway was revealed, which improved the development of molecular-targeted therapy. Regarding radioactive iodine-refractory DTC, multiple multikinase inhibitors including sorafenib and lenvatinib, which target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, were proved to be effective. Moreover, selective inhibitors and redifferentiation agents were shown to be promising. In the future, individual genetic testing would provide more specific information in directing individualized molecular-targeted therapy.

Key words: Differentiated thyroid cancer, Molecular genotype, Sorafenib, Lenvatinib