中国癌症杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 335-342.doi: 10.19401/j.cnki.1007-3639.2022.04.006
收稿日期:
2021-02-25
修回日期:
2021-07-25
出版日期:
2022-04-30
发布日期:
2022-05-07
通信作者:
张国强
E-mail:xbq14lc@163.com;zhangguoqiang@hrbmu.edu.cn
作者简介:
许炳琦(ORCID: 0000-0002-0304-6747),硕士研究生在读 E-mail: xbq14lc@163.com
XU Bingqi()(), ZHANG Guoqiang()()
Received:
2021-02-25
Revised:
2021-07-25
Published:
2022-04-30
Online:
2022-05-07
Contact:
ZHANG Guoqiang
E-mail:xbq14lc@163.com;zhangguoqiang@hrbmu.edu.cn
摘要:
随着乳腺癌新辅助治疗的发展,病理学完全缓解率明显提高。对于已经达到病理学完全缓解的患者,使用局域放疗替代手术治疗在理论上可行,因此术前准确判断病理学完全缓解至关重要。新辅助化疗后二次活检因其对病理学完全缓解预测准确率较高而被认为是有希望替代手术诊断病理学完全缓解的方法。最近发表的几项国外的前瞻性临床试验结果表明,新辅助化疗后二次活检具有相对较高的假阴性率,对新辅助化疗反应极好的患者豁免手术仍需要进一步研究。本文首先阐述二次活检的临床应用及其意义,并将国外已发表的临床研究分为小型可行性研究和大型前瞻性研究,对其主要结果及特点进行分析。
中图分类号:
许炳琦, 张国强. 乳腺癌新辅助治疗二次活检诊断病理学应答研究进展及临床意义[J]. 中国癌症杂志, 2022, 32(4): 335-342.
XU Bingqi, ZHANG Guoqiang. Advances in the diagnosis of pathological response by a second biopsy in breast cancer neoadjuvant therapy and their clinical significance[J]. China Oncology, 2022, 32(4): 335-342.
表1
新辅助化疗效果评估方法的优缺点"
Approach | Clinical examination | Mammography | Ultrasound | MRI | Second biopsy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Advantages | Simple and convenient | High sensitivity | Easy to operate and free of radiation; High accuracy; Assessable for axillary response; | High resolution for soft tissue; Non-invasive and free of radiation; Highest accuracy in traditional radiology | Higher accuracy than MRI; Lower false-negative rate |
Disadvantages | Effect by subjective judgement; Lower accuracy than other approaches | Effect by breast density, benign calcification and artifacts etc.; Exposure to radiation; Axillary status cannot be assessed; Difficult to distinguish the residual disease and post-chemotherapy fibrosis | Highly effect by the operator; High false positive rate | Expensive; Risk of contrast agent sensitization | Invasive; Required marker clips; Accuracy depends on the size of needle and number of specimens; Guided by imaging |
表2
活检预测pCR小型前瞻性研究"
Study | Eligibility criteria | Number of patients | Type of biopsy | Type of guidance | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heil, et al.[ | Early breast cancer; cCR after NACT | 164 | 111 by CC and 46 by VAB | 143 by ultrasound; 20 by mammograph; 1 by unknow | NPV=71.3% FNR=49.3% |
Heil, et al.[ | Operable breast cancer; cCR/cPR after NACT; target lesion visible on ultrasound | 50 | VAB | Ultrasound | Entire cohort: NPV=76.7%; FNR=49.3%; Pathologic representative specimens: NPV=94.4%; FNR=4.8% |
MD Anderson Cancer Center[ | TNBC and HER2+ breast caner; Lesion size < 5 cm on imaging after NACT | 40 | VAB and FNA; median sampling number of 12 | 63% by stereotactic techniques; 37% by ultrasound | Accuracy=98%; FNR=5%; NPV=95% |
NOSTRA PRELIM[ | Invasive breast cancer regardless of subtypes; Received NACT | 20 | CNB; median sampling number of 4 | Ultrasound | Cases of false negative of 4/18 |
Lee, et al.[ | Near pCR after NACT (Size of lesion≤0.5 cm or L-to-B SER ≤1.6 on MRI) | 40 | CNB or VAB | MRI assisted ultrasound | NPV=87.1%; FNR=30.8%; Accuracy=90% |
表3
活检预测pCR大型前瞻性研究"
Study group | Eligibility criteria | Type of biopsy | Number of patients | Unique features | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MICRA[ | Invasive breast cancer; No metastasis; rPR/rCR by CE-MRI after NACT | Ultrasound-guided 14G biopsies targeted around pre-NACT-placed marker (4 central and 4 peripheral) | 167 (still recruiting) | Included all subtypes; Assessing response by CE-MRI | FNR=37% |
RESPONDER[ | Invasive breast cancer; cCR/PR; Visible targeted lesion on ultrasound/mammography | Ultrasound/mammography guided VAB | 398 | pCR identified by VAB | FNR=17.8% (95% CI: 12.8%-23.7%) |
NRG-BR005[ | Unifocal or multifocal; cCR after NACT; rCR/nearCR by triple- modality radiology; Patients must have a biopsy marker placed within the tumor bed with imaging confirmation of marker placement prior to NST | 6, 8, 11G VAB, stereotactic-guided | 98 (still recruiting) | Multicenter, triple-modality radiology was required | FNR=50% NPV=77.5% (95% CI: 66.8%-86.1%) |
Multicenter pooled analysis[ | Invasive breast cancer; Any subtypes; At least achieved rCR; Marker/residual tumor/microcalcification can be clearly identified within the primary lesion location | VAB/CNB; Ultrasound or stereotactic | 166 | Multicenter pooled data analysis | FNR=18.7% NPV=84.3% |
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