Fig. 1

The flow charts of patient selection"

Tab. 1

Clinical characteristics of stage Ⅲ malignant melanoma from three clinical centers received anti-PD-1 therapy or vemurafenib as adjuvant treatment after surgery (n)"

Fig. 2

Results of the analysis in the overall population of adjuvant therapy in patients with stage Ⅲ postoperative melanoma. A: RFS for the overall population stratified by adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy and vemurafenib. The mRFS was 18 months (95% CI: 14-20 months); The 12-month-RFS rate was 67.7% (95% CI: 59.2%-76.2%); The 24-month-RFS rate was 39.5% (95% CI: 35.0%-44.0%). B: RFS for the overall population stratified by adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy. The mRFS was 16 months (95% CI: 14-18 months); The 12-month-RFS rate was 69.5% (95% CI: 64.6%-74.4%); The 24-month-RFS rate was 45.8% (95% CI: 40.5%-51.1%). C: RFS for the overall population stratified by adjuvant vemurafenib. The mRFS was 18 months (95% CI: 10-21 months); The 12-month-RFS rate was 62.8% (95% CI: 54.0%-71.6%); The 24-month-RFS rate was 35.9% (95% CI: 27.1%-44.7%). D: RFS for total melanoma patients stratified by adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy versus vemurafenib (P = 0.811, HR=0.889, 95% CI: 0.447-1.656). E: RFS for total melanoma patients who received adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy stratified by BRAFV600E was mutated or not (P = 0.839, HR = 0.554, 95% CI: 0.119-2.562). F: RFS for total melanoma patients with BRAFV600E mutation stratified by adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy versus vemurafenib (P = 0.563, HR = 1.765, 95% CI: 0.355-8.790). Mut: Mutation; Wild: Wild type."

Fig. 3

RFS for malignant melanoma of different tissue types A: RFS for melanoma of different tissue types by adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy (P=0.282, HR=0.483, 95% CI: 0.223-1.043). B: RFS for melanoma of different tissue types by adjuvant vemurafenib (P=0.919, HR=0.569, 95% CI: 0.121-1.689)."

Fig. 4

RFS in cutaneous and acral malignant melanoma patients at different stages"

Fig. 5

Results of the analysis of adjuvant therapy in cutaneous/acral melanoma patients with stage Ⅲ post-operative melanoma A: RFS for cutaneous melanoma patients stratified by adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy versus vemurafenib (P=0.308, HR=0.592, 95% CI: 0.220-1.592); B: RFS for cutaneous melanoma patients who received adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy stratified by BRAFV600E was mutated or not (P=0.506, HR=0.259, 95% CI: 0.008-7.730); C: RFS for cutaneous melanoma patients with BRAFV600E mutation stratified by adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy versus vemurafenib (P=0.9268, HR=0.912, 95% CI: 0.127-6.547); D: RFS for acral melanoma patients stratified by adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy versus vemurafenib (P=0.872, HR=1.043, 95% CI: 0.147-7.369); E: RFS for acral melanoma patients who adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy stratified by BRAFV600E was mutated or not (P=0.653, HR=1.015, 95% CI: 0.437-2.360); F: RFS for acral melanoma patients with BRAFV600E mutation stratified by adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy versus vemurafenib (P=0.480). Mut: Mutation; Wild: Wild type."

Fig. 6

Comparison of the RFS of anti-PD-1 therapy and vemurafenib between Chinese real-world and clinical trial A: Comparison of the 12-month RFS rate of anti-PD-1 therapy between Chinese real-world and clinical trial; B: Comparison of the 24-month RFS rate of anti-PD-1 therapy between Chinese real-world and clinical trial. C: Comparison of the 12-month RFS rate of vemurafenib between Chinese real-world and clinical trial; D: Comparison of the 24-month RFS rate of vemurafenib between Chinese real-world and clinical trial."